进口上游度与制造企业出口产品质量:理论机制与经验证据  

Upstream Degree of Imports and Export Quality of Manufacturers:Theoretical Mechanism and Empirical Evidence

作　　者：赵楠 杨梦洁 唐青青 ZHAO Nan;YANG Mengjie;TANG Qingqing(School of International Business and Economics,Henan University of Economics and Law,Zhengzhou 450046,China)

机构地区：[1]河南财经政法大学国际经济与贸易学院,河南郑州450046

出　　处：《经济经纬》2025年第2期68-79,共12页Economic Survey

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(22BJL099,23BJL062);河南省高等教育教学改革研究与实践项目(2023SJGLX322Y);河南省哲学社会科学规划青年项目(2024CJJ06)。

摘　　要：基于中国工业企业数据库、海关数据库和WIOD世界投入产出数据库构建微观面板数据,研究了进口上游度对企业出口产品质量的影响效应。研究发现:进口上游度与制造企业出口产品质量呈倒U形关系,引入工具变量并去除关税因素和企业自身因素干扰后,回归结果依然稳健;机制检验表明,进口上游度主要通过进口产品内嵌技术水平、企业全要素生产率和研发效率对出口产品质量产生先促进后抑制的作用;异质性分析表明,加工贸易企业、外资企业、高技术行业企业以及东部地区企业出口产品质量受进口上游度影响更加显著,且一定条件下地区要素流动能够强化进口上游度对出口产品质量的影响。研究结论对于从进口结构角度促进出口产品质量升级,推动贸易高质量发展具有重要参考价值。Based on the Chinese Industrial Enterprise Database,the Chinese Customs Database and the World Input-Output Database(WIOD)from 2000—2013,this paper constructs a micro panel data to examine the effect of the upstream degree of import on the quality of enterprises’exported products.The study finds that there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between import upstreamness and the quality of exported products by manufacturing firms.After introducing instrumental variables and removing the interference of tariff factors and firm-specific factors,the regression results remain robust.Mechanism testing shows that the upstream degree of imports mainly plays a role in promoting and then suppressing the quality of export products through the embedded technical level of imported products,enterprise total factor productivity and R&D efficiency.The heterogeneity analysis indicates that the impact of import upstreamness on the quality of exported products is more pronounced for processing trade firms,foreign-invested firms,firms in high-tech industries and firms located in the eastern region.Moreover,under certain conditions,regional factor mobility can enhance the effect of import upstreamness on the quality of exported products.The conclusion of this study has important reference value for promoting the quality upgrade of export products and promoting the high-quality development of trade from the perspective of import structure.

关 键 词：进口上游度 出口产品质量 要素流动 全要素生产率 研发效率 

分 类 号：F275[经济管理—企业管理]