学制·国文教科书:清末儿童教育的“新变”与“未变”  

Reform of the Educational System and Chinese Language Textbooks:“New Changes”and“Unchanged”in Children’s Education in the Late Qing Dynasty

作　　者：阮丹丹 RUAN Dandan(Department of Chinese Language and Literature,Sun Yat-Sen University,Guangzhou,Guangdong,510275)

机构地区：[1]中山大学中文系,广东广州510275

出　　处：《成都大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第2期90-99,共10页Journal of Chengdu University (Social Sciences)

摘　　要：清末儿童教育从多个层面表现出“新变”的生机,同时又存在“难变”的阻碍因素,整体处于“将变”与“未变”之间的过渡处境。学制变革保障了儿童教育的合法性和规范性,然而变革大多停留于形式层面,很难真正惠及广大贫苦儿童,对改变儿童受教育状况缺少实质性的影响。先觉知识分子纷纷宣扬儿童教育是救国之利器,形成了关注和重视儿童教育的时代思潮。但是,传统儿童教育的思想和形式都并未被推翻,新式儿童教育理念难以付诸实践。国文教育中已有部分编者初步具备关注儿童审美的教育意识,只是具备此类特征的教科书内容占比很低,时人对儿童的定位和设计仍以爱国者和新国民为主。清末儿童教育的“新变”与“未变”,折射出教育现代化的曲折,以及权力制度与知识、文学等各种因素交织的现代化建构图景。Children’seducation in the late Qing Dynasty showed the vitality of“new change”and simultaneously obstacles of“difficult change”from multiple perspectives,and was in a transitional status between“about to change”and“not yet changed”.The educational system reform guaranteed the legitimacy and standardization of children’s education,however most of the reform remained at the surface level,hardly benefiting the majority of poor children,and lacked a substantial impact on changing the educational situation of children.Enlightened intellectuals advocated that children’s education was a powerful tool for saving the country,thus forming a trend of paying attention to and valuing children’s education in the era.However,the traditional ideas and forms of children’s education were not overturned,and it was difficult to put the new concept of children’s education into practice.Some compilers of Chinese textbooks had initial education awareness of caring for children’s aesthetics,but the content of textbooks with such characteristics accounted for a very low proportion,and the definition and design for children were still focus on patriots and new nationals.The“new change”and“unchanged”of children’s education in the late Qing Dynasty reflect the twists and turns of educational modernization,as well as the modernization construction picture intertwined with power systems,knowledge,literature and other factors.

关 键 词：清末 儿童教育 学制变革 社会思潮 国文教科书 

分 类 号：G529[文化科学—教育学] I207.8[文化科学—教育技术学] G610[文学—中国文学]