德国的巴以问题政策取向及其演进逻辑  

Germany's Palestinian-Israeli Policy Orientation and Its Evolutionary Logic

作　　者：李文红 刘泽昊 Li Wenhong;Liu Zehao

机构地区：[1]北京外国语大学德语学院

出　　处：《西亚非洲》2025年第2期117-143,170,171,共29页West Asia and Africa

摘　　要：巴以问题极为复杂,牵涉多重因素,是德国中东政策的重要关注点。德国对巴以问题的政策取向经历了3个历史发展阶段:冷战期间联邦德国持明显亲以色列立场;统一后的德国兼顾巴以双方利益;国际格局加速演进背景下德国重回集团政治立场。在2023年10月7日以来的新一轮巴以冲突中,德国先是无条件力挺以色列,后试图兼顾其亲以色列和支持巴勒斯坦合法权益的原则立场,其立场呈现在波动中找寻平衡的特点。影响德国巴以问题主张变化的因素较为复杂:历史上形成的与以色列的“特殊关系”、出于自身经济和安全利益的考量而重视与阿拉伯世界的关系、向世界彰显自身国家定位的成功转型并希望推动欧盟在巴以问题上实现“用一个声音说话”、通过加强对巴以问题的介入程度提升本国和欧盟的话语权。尽管德国意欲通过推动巴以问题成功解决进一步提升其在区域及全球性热点事务上的影响力,但德国与以色列较为紧密的“特殊关系”、失衡特征明显的德阿关系、美国等域外大国的强势介入,以及德国领导力在欧盟内部遭到削弱等因素,对德国在巴以问题上的主张及其实践构成制约。其结果是,德国针对巴以问题的资源投入与效果产出不成比例,且限制了德国政策主张发挥更大作用。The Palestinian-Israeli issue is extremely complex and involves a multitude of factors,making it an important focus of Germany's Middle East policy.Germany's policy orientation towards the Palestinian-Israeli issue has gone through three stages of historical development:during the Cold War,the Federal Republic of Germany took a clear pro-Israeli stance;after reunification,Germany took the interests of both the Palestinians and the Israelis into account;and in the context of the accelerated evolution of the international landscape,Germany has reverted to the bloc's political stance.In the new round of Palestinian-Israeli conflict since October 7,2023,Germany first unconditionally supported Israel,and then tried to balance its principled position of being pro-Israel and supporting the legitimate rights and interests of the Palestinians,and its position has shown a fluctuating process of finding a balance.The factors affecting the change of Germany's position on the Palestinian-Israeli issue are complex:the"special relationship"with Israel formed in history,the importance it attaches to its relationship with the Arab world out of its own economic and security interests,the successful transformation of its own national positioning and its hope to push the European Union to realize"one voice"on the Palestinian-Israeli issue,and the need for a one-voice"approach.Germany's intention is to enhance the voice of itself and the EU by strengthening its involvement in the Israeli-Palestinian issue.Although Germany intends to further enhance its influence in regional and global hot spot affairs by promoting the successful resolution of the Palestinian-Israeli issue,its"special relationship"with Israel,the obvious imbalance in German-Arab relations,the strong involvement of the United States and other extraterritorial powers,as well as the weakening of Germany's leadership within the EU have a negative impact on its position on the Palestinian-Israeli issue.These factors constrain Germany's claims and practices on the Palestini

关 键 词：德国外交 欧盟 以色列 巴以问题 新一轮巴以冲突 

分 类 号：F27[经济管理—企业管理]