贤能政治的国家治理:论董仲舒选贤任能政治思想  

National Governance of Political Meritocracy:On Dong Zhongshu’s Political Thought of Selecting and Appointing Talents

作　　者：张兴[1] ZHANG Xing(School of Government,University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 102488,China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院大学政府管理学院,北京102488

出　　处：《衡水学院学报》2025年第2期48-55,共8页Journal of Hengshui University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(22ZDA065)。

摘　　要：选贤任能和君臣共治是董仲舒贤能政治思想的核心,也是他对更化秦制和解决汉初国家治理结构性困境的首要对策。董仲舒要求昌明儒学文教、拓展参政途径、规范官僚体制,通过简拔贤能优化国家治理体系;通过“天”与“民”相联系的政治哲学解构君权至上,围绕“君无为”“臣有为”构建限制君权的政治机制,变革国家治理结构。董仲舒选贤任能政治思想提出了一种贤能政治的国家治理模式,其制度化带来的最重要的政治遗产就是儒法合流的“士大夫政治”。这种贤能政治虽然在思想多元、权力监督、防止特权和制度创新等方面存在缺陷,但也在变革国家治理结构、调整国家-社会关系、建设开放性政治体系和树立对中国历史中华文明的正确认识等方面具有启示意义。The selection and appointment of the worthy and capable as well as the co-governance of the monarch and minister are the core of Dong Zhongshu’s political thought on meritocracy,and they are also his primary strategies for reforming the Qin system and solving the structural dilemma of national governance in the early Han Dynasty.Dong Zhongshu advocated promoting Confucian culture and education,expanding participation in politics,and regulating bureaucratic system,aiming to optimize the national governance system through the selection of the worthy and capable.He also advocated deconstructing the supremacy of monarchical power through the political philosophy of heaven and people,and constructing a political mechanism to limit the power of the monarch around the principles of“the ruler’s non-action”and“the minister’s action”,thus transforming the structure of national governance.Dong Zhongshu’s political thought of selecting the worthy and capable proposed a model of national governance based on meritocracy,and the most important political legacy resulted from its institutionalization is the scholar-bureaucrat politics of the confluence of Confucianism and Legalism.Although this kind of meritocracy has its defects in terms of ideological pluralism,power supervision,prevention of privileges and institutional innovation,it is also of enlightening significance in transforming the structure of national governance,adjusting the state-society relationship,building an open political system and establishing a correct understanding of Chinese civilization in history.

关 键 词：董仲舒 贤能政治 选贤任能 大一统 国家治理 

分 类 号：B234.5[哲学宗教—中国哲学]