生成式人工智能训练数据利用作品的法定许可  

Statutory license for the use of works in generative artificial intelligence training data

作　　者：周辉[1] 金僖艾 ZHOU Hui;JIN Xiai(Institute of Law,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100720,China;Law school,University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 102401,China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院法学研究所,北京100720 [2]中国社会科学院大学法学院,北京102401

出　　处：《重庆邮电大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第2期45-54,64,共11页Journal of Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社科基金项目:智能治理的法治规范与保障研究(20BFX044)。

摘　　要：DeepSeek等生成式人工智能的开发离不开高质量的训练数据,但利用作品进行训练引发了一系列著作权争议。生成式人工智能高质量发展,迫切需要解决作品取得授权难、授权成本高、利益难平衡、有竞争壁垒等现实问题。合理使用制度虽然具备解决作品数据授权难、利用成本高的功能,但会牺牲著作权人利益和一定程度的社会公共利益。仅靠合理使用制度,不能完全解决生成式人工智能发展的著作权新问题。建立生成式人工智能训练数据利用作品的法定许可制度,既可以提供作品利用的合法性基础,提高授权效率;也可以预防因支配一定规模作品著作权而排除、限制生成式人工智能竞争的新型垄断;更可以通过合理的许可定价,为著作权人提供必要的对价补偿,实现生成式人工智能创新发展中各相关方利益的更好平衡。生成式人工智能作品训练适用法定许可制度的实施,需要通过人工智能专门立法创设,在与合理使用互补衔接的基础上,科学设定法定许可范围、条件和程序,并配套明确的法定许可定价标准和付酬机制。The development of generative artificial intelligence(AI)relies heavily on high-quality training data,and using works for training has sparked a series of copyright disputes.To ensure the high-quality development of generative AI,it is urgent to address practical issues such as difficulties in obtaining authorization for works,high authorization costs,the challenge of balancing interests,and competitive barriers.While the fair use system can help resolve issues related to the difficulty of obtaining authorization for works and high utilization costs,it sacrifices the interests of copyright holders and certain public interests to some extent.Relying solely on the fair use system cannot fully address the new copyright issues arising from the development of generative AI.Establishing a statutory license for using works to train generative AI can provide a legitimate basis for using works,improve authorization efficiency,and prevent new forms of monopolies that could exclude or restrict competition in generative AI by controlling the copyright of a certain number of works.Additionally,through reasonable licensing fees,it can provide necessary compensation for copyright holders,achieving a better balance of interests for all parties involved in the innovative development of generative AI.The implementation of a statutory licensing system for generative AI training works requires specialized AI legislation to create a framework that complements and connects with fair use.This should involve the scientific establishment of the scope,conditions,and procedures of statutory licenses,along with clear pricing standards and compensation mechanisms.

关 键 词：生成式人工智能 训练数据 合理使用 法定许可 DeepSeek 

分 类 号：DF523[政治法律—民商法学] D913.4[政治法律—法学]