微量元素对马铃薯疮痂病的防治效果和马铃薯生长、产量的影响  

Control of Microelements on Common Scab of Potato and its Growth and Yield Effects

作　　者：陈莹莹 张铉哲[1] 李建国[1] 陈念洲 周淑宁 颜硕 袁欣 CHEN Yingying;ZHANG Xuanzhe;LI Jianguo;CHEN Nianzhou;ZHOU Shuning;YAN Shuo;YUAN Xin(College of Plant Protection,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin,Heilongjiang 150030,China)

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学植物保护学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《中国马铃薯》2024年第4期354-364,共11页Chinese Potato Journal

基　　金：农业农村部科技教育司项目(13220135);校县合作横向课题(2024HXZB010)。

摘　　要：马铃薯疮痂病是危害马铃薯产业的主要病害,严重影响马铃薯产量和经济效益。为寻找有效且施用方便的马铃薯疮痂病防控措施,通过滤碟法筛选对马铃薯疮痂病菌株Streptomyces scabies(MDJ-20-19)有抑菌作用的微量元素;利用离体接种法检测微量元素对马铃薯疮痂病菌的抑菌效果;测定微量元素对马铃薯疮痂病的盆栽试验防效和田间试验防效,以及对马铃薯植株生长和产量影响。微量元素Fe、Cu、Mn、Zn、B对马铃薯疮痂病菌具有抑制效果,同一浓度梯度下,抑菌效果由高到低依次为:Cu、Zn、Fe、B、Mn。盆栽和田间试验结果表明,防治效果较好的处理分别为Zn、B、Fe,其中经微量元素Zn和B处理的防治效果均可达到78.00%以上,且受环境影响小。田间施用Zn、B、Fe元素可提高马铃薯的产量,且马铃薯植株株高、茎粗均都有不同程度增大。研究结果可对马铃薯疮痂病的防治和防控措施的推广应用提供理论依据。Potato common scab is a major disease that adversely affects the potato industry,leading to substantial reductions in yield and economic returns.To identify effective and practical measures for controlling potato common scab,microelements were screened with their inhibitory effect against Streptomyces scabies(MDJ-20-19)using the filter disc method,and inhibitory effects of these microelements were tested through in vitro inoculation and evaluated for their efficacy in pot and field tests,as well as their impact on the growth and yield of potato.The microelements Fe,Cu,Mn,Zn and B had inhibitory effects on potato common scab.The effectiveness of these microelements at the same concentration gradient was ranked as follows:Cu,Zn,Fe,B,Mn.Results from both potting and field trials indicated that the treatments with better preventive effects were Zn,B,and Fe,respectively,among which the control efficacy of the Zn and B treatments achieved 78.00%or more,with limited environmental impact.Furthermore,the application of Zn,B,and Fe in the field contributed to increased potato yields,as well as enhanced plant height and stem diameter of the potato plants to varying degrees.The findings of this research provide a theoretical basis for the management and extension of potato common scab control.

关 键 词：马铃薯 微量元素 马铃薯疮痂病 抑菌效果 防治效果 

分 类 号：S435.32[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治] S532[农业科学—植物保护]