从祭坛到身体:佛教与中古中国涂香习俗的传播  

From Altar to Body:Buddhism and the Spread of Daubing Spice Custom in Medieval China

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作  者:顾依然 Gu Yiran

机构地区:[1]首都师范大学历史学院

出  处:《全球史评论》2024年第2期95-113,312,共20页Global History Review

摘  要:在早期世界的宗教活动中,信徒在神像、尊者和自己身上涂抹香料及其制成品的现象,具有某种世界性特征。它在古代世界主要地区的祭祀、丧葬仪式中都曾出现,寄托了人们沟通人神的希冀,和祝祷死者尸身不腐、灵魂不灭的愿望。其中直接影响中土的,是随佛教传入的涂香。中土和印度的环境与服饰差异,使得传入中原后的涂香主要用以涂抹手面。而密宗的传播及其对仪轨的重视,使涂香成为该宗仪轨的重要组成部分,其制作和使用方法也被保存在密宗文献中,也在传入日本的密宗各派中保留至今。佛教的涂香也与中土既有的用香习惯相互交融,逐渐影响传统熏佩诸香的香料配伍,也直接影响了妇女的美容美体习惯,丰富了人们的日常生活。In the religious activities of the early world,the phenomenon of believers applying spices and their manufactured products on their idols,has some universal characteristics.It appeared in the sacrificial ceremonies and funeral cer-emonies in the main areas of the ancient world,which conveyed people's hope to communicate with God,and the desire that the body of the dead would not decom-pose and the soul would not be destroyed.The custom directly affecting ancient China was Tu Xiang(涂香)with the introduction of Buddhism.Due to the differences in environment and clothing between China and India,incense was mainly applied to the hands after it was introduced into China.The spread of tan-tra and its emphasis on rituals made Tu Xiang(涂香)smearing an important part of the ritual,and the method of making and using incense were preserved in tantra literature,and are still preserved in tantra schools introduced to Japan.Tu Xiang(涂香)was also integrated with the established customs of incense in China,gradually influencing the compatibility of spices in traditional incense wearing,di-rectly affecting women's beauty habits,and enriching people's daily life.

关 键 词:香料 涂抹 涂香 中古中国 

分 类 号:TQ65[化学工程—精细化工] B945[哲学宗教—宗教学] G125[文化科学] K23[历史地理—历史学]

 

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