殖民医学史视域下的19世纪英属印度霍乱病原学调查  

Etiological Investigation of Cholera in 19th Century British India in the Per-spective of the History of Colonial Medicine

作　　者：付文文 Fu Wenwen

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学世界史系

出　　处：《全球史评论》2024年第1期132-149,341,共19页Global History Review

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“集聚与离散:南亚城市带的演进轨迹”(16JJD770031)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：19世纪,霍乱伴随着殖民网络肆虐全球。囿于医学的发展,霍乱之因未有定论。作为霍乱疫源地的印度,逐渐成为众矢之的。在多次国际医学大会的推动下,隔离检疫之声四起,并呼吁对印度宗教朝圣活动进行干预。这对英帝国利益极为不利,而此时的霍乱病因之争为英帝国根据自身利益制定政策提供了空间。19世纪中叶以来,英印政府主导了印度的霍乱病原学调查,压制了境内的自由讨论。英印政府对医学知识的使用是高度选择性的,参与调查的医官均经过了筛选,强调霍乱是由印度特殊自然地理环境引起,反对与其利益不相符的医学主张。在殖民主义框架下,医学的功用不再局限于诊治疾病,它承担起了一个规范性的角色,将印度社会定义为特殊的、不健康的他者,由此使殖民主义合理化。In the 19th century,cholera spread across the globe along with colonial networks.Due to the limitations of medical development,the cause of cholera has not been determined.India,the source of the cholera epidemic,has gradually become the target of criticism.Prompted by several international medi-cal congresses,voices for quarantine were raised and calls were made for inter-vention in Indian religious pilgrimages.The initiative was extremely detrimental to British imperial interests,and the dispute over the cause of cholera at this time provided room for the British Empire to formulate policies in its own interest.Since the mid-19th century,the British Indian government dominated cholera ae-tiology investigations in India,suppressing free discussion within colony.The British Indian government was highly selective in their use of medical knowledge.All the medical officers involved in the invnstiantion had been screened.They stressed that cholera was caused by India's special physical geographical environ-ment and opposed medical claims that were inconsistent with their interests.In the framework of colonialism,the function of medicine was no longer limited to the diagnosis and treatment of diseases.It assumed a normative role,helping to rationalize colonialism by defining Indian society as a special and unhealthy other.

关 键 词：霍乱 英属印度 殖民主义 医学 

分 类 号：R-09[医药卫生] K351.4[历史地理—历史学]