法人化改革后日本地方公立大学的内部治理变革与新挑战  

The New Changes and Challenges of Internal Governance of Local Public Universities in Japan Since the Corporate Reform

作　　者：冯典 赵海文 FengDian;ZhaoHaiwen(Educational College,Zhejiang Normal University,Jinhua Zhejiang 321004)

机构地区：[1]浙江师范大学教育学院,浙江金华321000

出　　处：《中国高等教育评论》2024年第2期115-136,共22页China Higher Education Review

基　　金：2018年教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目(项目编号:18YJC880014);2020年浙江师范大学教育学院首批开放研究基金资助(JYKF2020)

摘　　要：长期以来,学界对日本地方公立大学的法人化改革缺少必要的关注。梳理近二十年来的发展历程发现,日本地方公立大学不断抗争边缘化的独特历史和特殊的法律架构奠定了其法人化模式的多样性底色;在治理关系上,法人化改革使公立大学的内部治理结构发生显著变化:职能模块的权责分配实现再造重组,纵向层级上则形成了“法人与大学”或独立或合并的不同类型模式;在经济表现上,法人化改革进一步弱化了中央政府的作用,地方自治体则变身为“考评负责人”,大学的自主经营意识得以空前激活。但法人化改革也使不同地区院校间的差异显著扩大,许多小型单科院校面临严峻的可持续发展危机。For a long time,there has been a lack of attention in the academic community for the Incorporation Reform of the Local Public Universities in Japan.After a review of the development process of the Incorporation Reform in the past two decades,it was founded that the unique history of fighting against marginalization and the special legal structure have laid the main context of their Incorporation models.From the perspective of governance relations,the internal governance structure of public universities has undergone significant changes,that is the distribution of rights and responsibilities of functional levels has been reorganized,and different types of models of“corporate and university”have been formed at the vertical level,either independently or independently;On the perspective of economic performance,the corporate reform has further weakened the role of the central government,and the local autonomous bodies have become the“evaluation leaders”,and the self-management consciousness of universities has been activated unprecedently.However,the reform of incorporation also expanded the differences between colleges and universities significantly.Some small single-subjected colleges and universities are facing a severe crisis of sustainable development.

关 键 词：日本地方公立大学 法人化改革 内部治理结构 经营能力 

分 类 号：G649.313[文化科学—高等教育学] G647[文化科学—教育学]