从“工艺学堂”到“工科大学”:中国工科院校的近代化转型分析  

From“Technology School”to“Engineering University”:An Analysis of the Modernization Transformation of Engineering Universities in China

作　　者：李若兰 王文娟 LiRuolan;WangWenjuan(School of Education,Wenzhou University,Zhengjiang Wenzhou 325000;School of Marxism,Hangzhou Dianzi University,Zhejiang Hangzhou 310000)

机构地区：[1]温州大学教育学院,浙江温州325000 [2]杭州电子科技大学马克思主义学院,浙江杭州310000

出　　处：《中国高等教育评论》2024年第2期73-90,共18页China Higher Education Review

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究专项任务项目“工程学科在近代中国的发展范式及其对工程教育的影响研究”(项目编号:19JDGC009);浙江省教育厅一般科研项目“中国近代工程教育发展的两种路径研究”(项目编号:Y201839451)

摘　　要：我国近代工科院校的转型总体上呈现出由“艺”到“工”的变化趋势,具体表现为价值取向上的从“工艺学堂”到“工科大学”、管理体制上的从“部门负责”到“中央统管”以及院校结构方面的从“工科单设”到“学科综合”的转变。近代由“艺”到“工”的转型标志着现代工程教育体系在中国的正式建立。近代工科院校的转型面临的主要挑战是来自世界他国工业文明的快速发展及如何协调新旧学术的冲突,文化逻辑与世界逻辑的博弈是转型的主要推动力,而被动的国家逻辑与主动的社会逻辑是转型的辅助动力。The transformation of modern engineering colleges in China generally shows a changing trend from“art”to“engineering”,which is embodied in the value orientation from“technology school”to“engineering university”,the management system from“department responsibility”to“central unified management”,and the structure of colleges from“separate engineering department”to“comprehensive establishment of disciplines”.The transition from“art”to“engineering”in modern times marks the formal establishment of modern engineering education system in China.The main challenge facing the transformation of modern engineering colleges is the rapid development of industrial civilization in other countries in the world and how to coordinate the conflict between old and new academic.The driving force of the transformation is the game between cultural logic and world logic,and the passive national logic and the active social logic are the auxiliary driving force for the transformation of modern engineering colleges.

关 键 词：清末民初 工科院校 转型 多重制度逻辑 

分 类 号：TB-4[一般工业技术] G649.29[文化科学—高等教育学]