从“美善同一”转向“美善象征”——康德对柏拉图美善关系认识的新诠释  

Turning From“Identity of Beauty and Goodness”to“Beauty as a Symbol of Goodness”——Kant’s New Interpretation of Plato’s Understanding of the Relationship between Beauty and Goodness

作　　者：张宏博 Zhang Hongbo

机构地区：[1]山西大学哲学学院

出　　处：《中国美学研究》2024年第2期254-270,共17页

摘　　要：康德的“美善象征论”是西方哲学传统中关于美善关系理性之思的一次具有学术史意义的重要转向。康德与柏拉图均强调“美”是连接“真”与“善”的重要桥梁,然而在具体的抵达路径认识上存有分歧。柏拉图强调主体内心有一种对善的先验渴望,通过审美体验,最终会感悟善的理念;康德主张道德认知与审美感知具有“亲和性”,间接地表达了一种蕴含着至善的审美鉴赏力。受近代启蒙运动与认识论转向的启迪,康德构建了体系性的批判哲学,以“美是道德的象征”的“暗示性”认识取代了“美善同一”的本体论阐释,从而使“美的理想”作为一种象征性的推动力,为道德理性与道德情感的沟通以及美善兼具之人的养成提供了一种理论支撑和解决方案。Kant’s“Beauty is a symbol of morality”is an important turn in the Western philosophical tradition regarding the rational thinking of the relationship between beauty and goodness,which is of great significance in academic history.Both Kant and Plato emphasised that beauty is an important bridge connecting truth and goodness,but there are differences in the understanding of the specific path of arrival.Plato emphasised that there is an a prior desire for goodness within the subject,and that through aesthetic experience,the idea of goodness will eventually be perceived;Kant advocated that moral cognition and aesthetic perception have“affinity”,indirectly expressing a kind of aesthetic appreciation that contains the Highest Good.Inspired by the modern Enlightenment and the epistemological turn,Kant constructed a systematic critical philosophy,by replacing the ontological interpretation of“identity of beauty and goodness”with the“implicit”understanding of“beauty is a symbol of morality”,Kant made the“On the ideal of beauty”as a symbolic impetus to provide a the oretical support and a solution for the communication between moral reason and moral emotion,as well as for the cultivation of a person who is beautiful and good at the same time.

关 键 词：美善关系 美善同一 美是道德的象征 美的理想 道德动机 

分 类 号：B83-0[哲学宗教—美学]