说“慎终追远”:兼论孔孟视域中的“人间关怀”  

Study About“Shenzhongzhuiyuan”:On the“Human Concern”in the Perspectives of Confucius and Mencius

作　　者：陈绪平 Chen Xuping

机构地区：[1]江西科技师范大学江右文献研究中心

出　　处：《古代文学理论研究》2024年第2期95-107,共13页Studies of Ancient Chinese Literary Theory

摘　　要：“未知生焉知死”和“子不语怪力乱神”是关于孔子思想的两条经典语录。但由于后人踵事增华,其所表达的生死观和礼义观,渐被看作孔孟之学区别于墨、道诸家的一个显著特质,也被视为中国学术区别于西方的一个特征,因而造成了孔孟之学的某种“被遮蔽”。为此,有必要重新释读“慎终追远”“无后为大”等相关记录,引入“伦理链”概念,来“唤醒”孔孟视域中那些被覆盖的内容,以消除学术史研究者认为孔孟之学缺少生死关怀一类误解。研究表明,孔子儒家学问在生死之间中建构与彰显了“我”之意义,即把“我”放在过去和未来这一伦理链上,使世俗生命获得了安顿,亦即使生命的当下性得以确认。另外“述而不作”“三年无改”“以俟来者”“疏不破注”等命题,都可以在这个视域中获得新的意义,彰显其在“孝”文化研究上的重要影响。事实上,这些命题强调“传承”而反对“破坏”,是孔孟思想的一大核心内涵。它已渗透到民族文化的方方面面,构成中华文化绵延不衰、具有稳定性的一大关键。“Weizhi Sheng Yanzhi Si”and“Zi Buyu Guai Li Luan Shen”are two classic sayings that reflect the thought of Confucius.However,due to subsequent embellishments,the views on life and death and the concept of rites and righteousness expressed in these sayings have gradually been seen as a significant characteristic distinguishing the teachings of Confucius and Mencius from other Chinese schools and Western scholarship.This has led to a certain“obscuration”of Confucian and Mencian teachings.To address this,it is necessary to reinterpret related records such as“Shenzhongzhuiyuan”and“Wuhouweida”.Introducing the concept of“ethical chain”to unearth the content obscured in the perspectives of Confucius and Mencius.Thus dispelling the misconception among academic circles that Confucian and Mencian teachings is lack of concern for life and death.The study shows that Confucian constructs the meaning of“self”between life and death,placing“self”on the ethical chain of past and future,thereby providing a sense of security for secular life and confirming the immediacy of life.Furthermore,propositions such as“Shuerbuzuo”,“Sannianwugai”,“Yisilaizhe”and“Shubupozhu”can all acquire new meanings within this perspective,highlighting their significant influence on the study of“Xiao”culture.In fact,these propositions emphasize inheritance over destruction,which is a core aspect of the thought of Confucius and Mencius.This idea has permeated every aspect of national culture,forming a key factor in the enduring and stable nature of Chinese culture.

关 键 词：慎终追远 孔孟之学 生死 现世意义 

分 类 号：B222[哲学宗教—中国哲学]