湖北省博物馆馆藏甲骨的古DNA研究  

Ancient DNA Study of Oracle Bones from the Hubei Museum

作　　者：蔡大伟 莫林恒[3] 许道胜 蔡路武[5] 王永迪[1] 郑颖 罗恰 赵丹[5] 杨燕[5] 李宗华 CAI Da-wei;MO Lin-heng;XU Dao-sheng;CAI Lu-wu;WANG Yong-di;ZHENG Ying;LUO Qia;ZHAO Dan;YANG Yan;LI Zong-hua

机构地区：[1]吉林大学考古学院,长春130012 [2]吉林大学-西蒙菲莎大学生物考古联合实验室,长春130012 [3]湖南省文物考古研究院,长沙410008 [4]湖南大学岳麓书院,长沙410082 [5]湖北省博物馆,武汉430062

出　　处：《边疆考古研究》2024年第1期340-347,共8页Research of China's Frontier Archaeology

基　　金：古文字与中华文明传承发展工程项目“湖北省博物馆藏甲骨整理与研究”(项目批准号YWZ-J022)资助

摘　　要：一、研究背景甲骨文是我国目前所见最早的成体系记录语言的文字,契刻在龟甲、兽骨上,主要记载商王为推测吉凶所进行的占卜活动。古人很早就利用甲骨进行占卜,张忠培先生指出用龟甲作卜卦器具的宗教,可追溯至裴李岗文化;而年代最早的卜骨,见于富河沟门遗址和甘肃武山傅家门的马家窑文化[1]。关于卜骨的骨料,李维明先生对河南二里头遗址出土的卜骨进行研究发现,卜骨多选用猪肩胛骨,次为羊肩胛骨和牛肩胛骨,再次为鹿肩胛骨,有少量龟卜[2]。The oracle bone inscriptions are the earliest system of language recording seen in China.They were carved on turtle nails and animal bones,and were mainly used by the Shang kings to record their divination activities for the purpose of predicting good fortune.Current research on the Shang oracle bones excavated at Yinxu has focused on the interpretation of the text,the interpretation of the divinatory texts,and the grading and drilling patterns of the oracle bones,often neglecting the study of the oracle bones themselves.In particular,the selection and origin of the oracle bones have been unclear.We conducted a whole genome analysis of ancient DNA on 18 ancient oracle bones in the collection of Hubei Museum,and the results showed that samples 02T and 03T of divination bones were yellow cattle,belonging to the T2 and T3 lineages of yellow cattle,respectively,reflecting the diversity of bone sources and providing new clues for further exploration of the origin of oracle bones in the future.

关 键 词：甲骨 裴李岗文化 龟甲 湖北省博物馆 古DNA 

分 类 号：K877.1[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] Q911[历史地理—历史学]