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作 者:阮航[1] Ruan Hang
机构地区:[1]湖北大学哲学学院
出 处:《价值论与伦理学研究》2024年第1期134-138,260,共6页Axiology and Ethics
基 金:国家社科基金一般项目“《大学》中的政治伦理及其当代考量”(12BZX063)结项成果
摘 要:黄宗羲在其《明夷待访录》首篇《原君》中从国家起源的角度将理想的政治推想为德治。这种德治是一种“民本”的政治,是理想的“公天下”的、为天下人的政治。就其组织及其运作方式来说,它是由人君作为精神领袖来主导并领导少数道德先觉者而有效运作的精英政治,也是一种精神高尚的政治。这种德治理想富有吸引力,充分表达了儒家民本的精神,蕴含着一种积极的自由观以及崇高的道德理想,并且其理论思路富有原创性,提示出一种运用非形而上的方式来解释德治的理路。但它仍带有相当的乌托邦色彩,有一些理论上需要解释和重构的问题,其中的关键在于两点:一是如何为作为道德领袖的人君之出现及其发挥的作用提供证成,二是如何解决稳定性问题,也就是由这种观念生发出来的社会制度能否为良序社会提供稳固的基础。In his Yuan Jun,Huang Zongxi deduced the ideal states as rule by virtue from the perspective of state’s origin.This kind of rule by virtue is Min-ben state,seeing the world as belong to the public and for the people of the world.In terms of its organization and its way of operation,it is an elite state which is dominated by a spiritual leader and eff ectively operated by a few moral pioneers,and it is also noble in spirite.This ideal of rule by virtue is attractive,fully expressing the Confucian spirit of Min-ben and implying a positive view of freedom and lofty moral ideal.Also,its theoretical thread is full of originality,suggesting a use of non-metaphysical way to explain the way of rule by virtue.But it still has quite utopian colors,and there are some problems to be explained and reconstructed in theory,the key of which lie in two points:fi rstly,how the emperor as a moral leader have ever appeared and how to justify his appearence;secondly,how to solve the problem of stability,that is,the social system acording to this ideal can provide solid foundation for good order society.
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