构式的对应和不对应机制——以汉语领主属宾句与日语领属被动句为例  

The Mechanism of Correspondence and Non-correspondence in Sentence Construction:Focusing on Chinese Possessum-Object Sentence and Japanese Possessive Passive Sentence

作　　者：陈访泽[1] 陈姗姗 

机构地区：[1]澳门大学人文学院,中国澳门 [2]仲恺农业工程学院外国语学院,广东省广州市510225

出　　处：《汉日语言对比研究论丛》2019年第1期173-184,共12页

基　　金：澳门大学科研课题“日语定语和状语的语义对应关系的认知语言学研究——兼与汉语比较”(编号MYRG2014-00050-FAH)的成果之一

摘　　要：汉语的领主属宾句和日语的领属被动句都强调主语的受影响性,这一点可以通过认知参照点模型找到其认知理据,但这两种构式并非完全对应,仅当句中的两个名词短语为亲属及称谓关系时才具有对应关系。汉语采用的是主动句构式,日语采用的是被动句构式,尽管二者在表层上采用了不同的句法形式,但在深层结构上是一致的。此外,日语领属被动句的特点在于强调受影响者间接遭受的消极影响;而汉语领主属宾句在句法上的深层结构是两个名词短语之间形成的某种典型或非典型的领属关系,所以既可以表示积极影响也可以表示消极影响。这是二者在有些情况下无法对应的根本原因。Chinese Possessum-Object Construction and Japanese Possessive Passive Construction both emphasize the affectedness of subject.That is because they have the common cognitive reference model.But the two constructions have no exact correspondence,only when the two noun phrases are in the relationship of relatives and salutation,there can be seen the correspondence in two constructions.Chinese takes the active voice whereas Japanese takes the passive voice.Although the syntactic structures are different at surface,they have the same deep structure.In addition,the feature of Japanese Possessive Passive Construction is to emphasize the negative effect of affected person.However,the syntactic deep structure of Chinese Possessum-Object Construction is the typical or atypical possessive relationship formed between the two noun phrases,so the effect can be positive or negative.This is the fundamental reason why they have no correspondence in some cases.

关 键 词：汉语领主属宾句 日语领属被动句 受影响性 领属关系 对应与不对应 

分 类 号：H36[语言文字—日语] H146.3