定语从句中主动态与被动态选择的汉日对比研究  

A Contrastive Study of Chinese and Japanese on the Choice of Active or Passive Voice in Relative Clauses

作　　者：刘志毅 

机构地区：[1]日本早稻田大学教育学研究科,日本东京169-0051

出　　处：《汉日语言对比研究论丛》2023年第1期118-130,共13页

摘　　要：本文从定中结构类型的角度考察了汉语与日语定语从句中主动态与被动态的选择问题,明确了汉日2种语言在这个问题上的选择条件、异同及原因。在这个问题上,汉日2种语言的共同点多于不同点。之所以存在共同之处,与定语从句中动词和中心语是否存在格关系、句子中的格成分转为中心语的难易程度、中心语的性质等有关。2种语言的不同点与“了”的有无相关。包含“了”的定语结构所表达的结果义与中心语的语义不搭配是不同点的原因。In this paper,we discuss the problem of the choice between the active voice and the passive voice in Chinese and Japanese relative clauses from the perspective of the types of modified nominal structure,and then clarify the conditions on the choice as well as the similarities and differences between the two languages and the reasons for them.We find that the two languages have more similarities than differences on this issue.The reason for the similarity has to do with the presence or absence of a case relationship between the verb and the head noun,the ease with which an element of an independent sentence can be transformed into the head noun of a modified nominal structure,and the nature of the head noun.The difference between the two languages are related to the presence or absence of“le”(了).The reason for the difference is that the resultative meaning expressed by the relative clause containing“le”does not match the semantics of the head noun.

关 键 词：主动态 被动态 选择 定中结构 异同 

分 类 号：H36[语言文字—日语] H146