汉日语自动词遭受句式的对比研究  

A Comparative Study of Chinese and Japanese Suffering Constructions with Intransitive Verb

作　　者：邓超群 刘新琳 

机构地区：[1]湖南大学外国语学院,湖南省长沙市410082 [2]长沙民政职业技术学院外语学院,湖南省长沙市410004

出　　处：《汉日语言对比研究论丛》2023年第1期53-70,共18页

基　　金：湖南省哲学社会科学基金一般项目“基于生成词库理论的汉日动名组合句法结构与语义关系研究”(批准号:20YBA047);日本JSPS特别研究员奖励费研究课题「日本語コーパスの比較分析および応用研究」(批准号:22F20750)的阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：本文以汉语领主属宾句和日语自动词被动句为例,从句法结构和语义特征2个角度对汉日语自动词遭受句式进行了对比。从句法结构上来说,汉语领主属宾句中的NP1既可以是有情物,也可以是无情物,而日语自动词被动句中的NP1只能由有情物来充当。除此之外,两者的NP2是有情物抑或是无情物、是否需要数量词修饰,这2点与句式中的动词是非宾格动词还是非作格动词密切相关。从语义特征上来说,汉语领主属宾句重在表示主观得失,而日语自动词被动句重在表示受害损失,但两者在表达语义时都是动词语义服从句式语义,具备一定句法语义条件的动词进入句式后都会被赋予句式本身的语义。This paper makes a discussion on the syntactic structure and semantic characteristics between Chinese possessor-subject-possessum-object sentence and Japanese passive sentence with intransitive verb.Syntactically,NP1 in Chinese possessor-subjectpossessum-object sentence can be either animate things or inanimate things,while NP1 in Japanese passive sentence with intransitive verb can only be acted by animate things.In addition,whether the NP2 of the two is animate things or inanimate things,and whether they need to be modified by quantifiers,these two points are related to whether the verbs in the sentence pattern are unaccusative verbs or unergative verbs.Semantically speaking,Chinese possessor-subject-possessum-object sentence focus on expressing subjective gain and loss,while Japanese passive sentence with intransitive verb focus on expressing victim loss,but both verbs obey the sentence pattern semantics when expressing semantics.After the verbs enter the sentence pattern,they will be given the semantics of the sentence pattern itself.

关 键 词：领主属宾句 自动词被动句 句法结构 语义特征 

分 类 号：H36[语言文字—日语] H146.3