授予补助动词句式的汉日对比研究——以恩惠性为中心  

A Contrastive Study on the Benefactive and Motion Auxiliary Verb Constructions in Japanese and Chinese:Focusing on Beneficiency

作　　者：赵蓉俊子 

机构地区：[1]新潟大学,日本新潟県新潟市950-2181

出　　处：《汉日语言对比研究论丛》2022年第1期141-154,共14页

摘　　要：本文主要阐明日语授予补助动词结构「Vてあげる(やる)」句式与汉语的“V给”句式、“给V”句式之间在句法结构和语义上的差异。两种语言的差异主要体现在插入元素、人称限制、V1和V2的空间指向性,以及V2的省略等方面。本文从恩惠性出发,考察了施惠者的意图,探求汉日在表达恩惠、非恩惠或自恩惠时存在的差异。结果显示:(1)日语的「Vてあげる(やる)」句式作为一种恩惠性的表达形式,比汉语的“V给”句式更完整;(2)“给”的补助动词性比「あげる」强;(3)在表达自我恩惠时,日语「Vてあげる(やる)」句式与汉语的“V给”句式、“给V”句式之间存在不对应的关系。This paper clarifies the differences in the syntactic and semantic features between the Japanese auxiliary verb construction Vte-ageru and the Chinese constructions Vgei and geiV.The differences between the two languages are mainly reflected in the insertion of elements,the restriction of personification,the spatial directionality of V_(1)and V_(2),and the omission of V_(2).This paper examines the intentionality of the giver in terms of favours and explores the differences between Japanese and Chinese in expressing otherbenefactive,malefactive,and self-benefactive.It is concluded that(a)the Japanese Vteageru form is more complete as a form of expression of benefactive than the Chinese Vgei form.(b)The auxiliary verb gei is stronger than ageru.(c)There is a mismatch between the Japanese Vte-ageru and the Chinese Vgei and geiV form in the expression of selfbenefactive.

关 键 词：授予补助动词句式 句法结构 语义 恩惠性 受惠方的意图 补助动词性 

分 类 号：H36[语言文字—日语] H146