走私涉疫类动植物及其制品犯罪的司法误区与澄清  

Judicial Misconceptions and Clarifications Regarding Crimes Involving the Smuggling of Pestilence-related Animals,Plants and Their Products

作　　者：李迎寒 LI Ying-han(Department of Basic Courses,Nanjing Police College,Nanjing 210023,China)

机构地区：[1]南京警察学院基础部,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《政法学刊》2024年第6期13-21,共9页Journal of Political Science and Law

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目“走私涉疫类动植物及其制品犯罪的刑法适用误区与理论澄清”(RWQN202508)

摘　　要：目前司法实践在打击走私涉疫类动植物及其制品犯罪时,陷入以走私罪等罪名介入动植物检疫监管的误区,使我国《刑法》第三百三十七条妨害动植物检疫罪“名存实亡”。为协同推进经济高质量发展和生态环境高水平保护,司法实践一方面应通过罪质厘清罪名之间的区别,如确定构成要件结果区分走私罪、限定危害性区分危害公共安全罪;另一方面应借助罪数形态认清罪名之间的联系:以想象竞合认定走私国家禁止进出口的货物、物品罪与妨害动植物检疫罪的关系,以法条竞合认定非法引进外来入侵物种罪与妨害动植物检疫罪的关系,以数罪并罚认定袭警罪或妨害公务罪与妨害动植物检疫罪的关系,进而形成多罪名联动惩治走私涉疫类动植物及其制品犯罪的治理范式。Currently,in the judicial practice of combating crimes related to the smuggling of pestilence-related animals,plants,and their products,there is a misconception of intervening in animal and plant quarantine regulation under charges such as smuggling,which has rendered Article 337 of China's Criminal Law,"Crime of Impeding Animal and Plant Quarantine,"existent in name only.To synergistically promote high-quality economic development and highlevel ecological environment protection,judicial practice should,on the one hand,clarify the distinctions between different crimes based on their nature,such as distinguishing smuggling crimes by determining the constitutive elements and their consequences,and delimiting crimes endangering public safety by assessing the limited harmfulness.On the other hand,judicial practice should recognize the connections between different crimes with the help of the concept of patterns of crime quantity:determining the relationship between the crime of smuggling goods or articles prohibited from import and export by the state and the crime of impeding animal and plant quarantine through imaginary concurrence;determining the relationship between the crime of illegally introducing invasive alien species and the crime of impeding animal and plant quarantine through legal concurrence;and determining the relationship between the crime of assaulting a police officer or obstructing public service and the crime of impeding animal and plant quarantine through cumulative punishment.This will lead to the formation of a governance paradigm that involves the coordinated punishment of multiple crimes in combating the smuggling of pestilence-related animals,plants and their products.

关 键 词：涉疫类动植物及其制品 妨害动植物检疫罪 走私罪 危害公共安全罪 罪数形态 

分 类 号：D924.36[政治法律—刑法学]