人工智能时代的财产犯罪课题  

Property Crime Issues in the Era of Artificial Intelligence

作　　者：张明楷[1] Zhang Mingkai(Tsinghua University)

机构地区：[1]清华大学

出　　处：《国家检察官学院学报》2025年第2期20-32,共13页Journal of National Prosecutors College

摘　　要：人工智能时代的到来,给财产犯罪的研究提出了许多课题。在现行刑法将财产犯罪的对象仅表述为“财物”的立法例之下,既存在如何合理确定财物范围的问题,也存在是采用“法律—经济的财产概念”还是采用“本权说—占有说”,抑或采取其他保护法益论的问题;随着财产类型的增加,对相关财产犯罪的构成要件行为需要重新界定;从立法论而言,刑法除规定骗免债务等明显不属于盗窃罪的诈骗犯罪外,能否将其他通过欺骗方法使他人交付、转移财产的行为都归入盗窃罪,形成广义的盗窃罪概念,也可以探讨;能否维持对个别财产的犯罪与对整体财产的犯罪的区分,财产损失的判断重点应否从客观价值转向主观价值,刑事立法应否仅规定行为类型而不设置数额规定,同样需要认真对待。The advent of the era of artificial intelligence has posed numerous challenges for the study of property crimes.Under the current criminal law,which only refers to the object of property crimes as"property",there are issues regarding how to reasonably determine the scope of property,as well as whether to adopt the"legal-economic concept of property"or the"theory of rights-possession",or to consider other theories of protected legal interests.With the increase in types of property,the constitutive elements of related property crimes need to be redefined.From a legislative perspective,apart from stipulating fraud crimes such as debt evasion that clearly do not fall under theft,it is also worth exploring whether other acts of deceiving others into delivering or transferring property can be classified under theft,forming a broad concept of theft.Additionally,it is important to consider whether to maintain the distinction between crimes against individual property and crimes against collective property,whether the focus of property loss assessment should shift from objective value to subjective value,and whether criminal legislation should only specify types of conduct without setting monetary thresholds.These issues also require careful consideration.

关 键 词：人工智能 财产犯罪 行为对象 保护法益 财产损失 

分 类 号：D915.3[政治法律—诉讼法学]