虚假诉讼损害赔偿之诉的请求权基础与程序定位  

Basis of Claim and Procedural Orientation of the Lawsuit of False Litigation Damages

作　　者：刘鹏飞[1] Liu Pengfei(the Law School of Nankai University)

机构地区：[1]南开大学法学院

出　　处：《国家检察官学院学报》2025年第2期162-176,共15页Journal of National Prosecutors College

摘　　要：虚假诉讼损害赔偿之诉虽在我国实践中已经存在,但因缺乏规范依据,对其请求权基础理解分歧、程序定位认识混沌的实践现状严重制约其程序功能发挥。单纯以侵权责任一般规范作为其请求权基础的实体法方案无法充分填补因虚假诉讼产生的程序成本,需在民事诉讼法中增设具有惩罚性赔偿性质的律师费转付规范以补足其请求权基础,这是虚假诉讼损害赔偿之诉提起的实体维度;在此基础上,应承认虚假诉讼判决对于案外第三人不具既判力,虚假诉讼损害赔偿之诉兼具确认和给付功能,但不具备形成功能的程序定位。应区分单方虚假诉讼和双方虚假诉讼的救济路径,再审程序、第三人撤销之诉等救济程序并非双方虚假诉讼损害赔偿之诉的程序前提,却可与之衔接适用,这是虚假诉讼赔偿之诉提起的程序维度。Although the lawsuit of false litigation damages in China's judicial practice has existed,but due to the lack of legislative provisions,different judges on the basis of the right to claim a different understanding of the procedural positioning is not clear,these problems are serious constraints on its procedural function.Only the civil code article 1165 as the basis of its right to claim the idea is not enough to make up for the loss caused by false lawsuit,need to add in the civil procedure law by the aggrieved person compensation for attorney's fees norms,so as to supplement the basis of its right to claim.This is the substantive dimension of the action for damages for false litigation;On this basis,it should be acknowledged that the judgement of false litigation does not have the force of res judicata for third parties outside the case,and that the claim for damages for false litigation has both confirmatory and payment functions,but does not have the procedural orientation of a formative function.The relief paths of the unilateral false lawsuit and the two-party false lawsuit should be distinguished,and the remedial procedures such as the re-trial procedure and the third-party revocation claim are not the procedural prerequisites of the two-party false lawsuit damages lawsuit,but can be applied in conjunction with the lawsuit of the false litigation damages,This is the procedural dimension of the action for damages for false claims.

关 键 词：虚假诉讼 请求权基础 既判力 程序定位 

分 类 号：D915.2[政治法律—诉讼法学]