松紧象似:事态句构式竞争的认知基础  

Elastic iconicity:The cognitive foundation of construction competition between state-of-affairs sentences

作　　者：陈禹 周乃黎 CHEN Yu;ZHOU Naili

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学人文学院/国家语言文字推广基地

出　　处：《世界汉语教学》2025年第2期169-181,共13页Chinese Teaching in the World

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(项目编号:2024WKYXQN052)。

摘　　要：事态句句中式“V的O”和句末式“VO的”的辨析是汉语句法学的著名难题,诸家众说纷纭。本文以双重替换测试为核心分析手段,调查现代汉语两种事态句的区别性特征以及共通性要素。区别性特征方面,我们发现两者分别有三种不可互换的语境,而且句末式替换为句中式的难度更大;共通性要素方面,即使在可互换语境,句中式倾向表达特化事态,而句末式则偏向泛化事态,两种事态都属于静态情状。受离合词离析形式和典型句末语气词的启发,我们主张句中式和句末式的构式竞争基于一种认知模式——松紧象似。松紧象似及其效应不仅可以有效回应汉语事态句研究的诸多棘手问题,而且其对汉语句法分析的适切性和解释力有广阔的研究前景。The difference between state-of-affairs sentences “V de O” and “VO de” is difficult to analyze, which has sparked a heated discussion. By taking a double substitution test, this paper investigates the discrepancy and commonality between the two sentences. Three uninterchangeable contexts suggest their discrepancy, and it has more limits to replace “V de O” with “VO de”. In terms of commonality, both sentence patterns represent static states in interchangeable contexts, though “V de O” tends to express the specialized state while “VO de” is inclined to generalize the state. Inspired by the separation arrangement of separable words and the classic sentence-final particle, we argue that the construction competition between the two sentences is based on the cognitive model of elastic iconicity. Elastic iconicity and its effects can not only respond effectively to many difficult problems in the study of Chinese state-of-affairs sentences, but also have broad research prospects for the appropriateness and interpretability of Chinese syntactic analysis.

关 键 词：事态句 构式竞争 特化 泛化 松紧象似 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语] H146.3