2020年北京市石景山区中小学生饮食行为现状及相关因素分析  

Current situation of eating behaviors and its related factors among primary and secondary school students in Shijingshan district of Beijing in 2020

作　　者：徐得月[1] 王明良[1] 王玮 云水英[1] 杨博[1] 苏领彦[1] XU Deyue;WANG Mingliang;WANG Wei;YUN Shuiying;YANG Bo;SU Lingyan(Shijingshan District Center for Disease Prevention and Control,Bejing 100043,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市石景山区疾病预防控制中心,100043

出　　处：《首都公共卫生》2025年第1期34-38,共5页Capital Journal of Public Health

摘　　要：目的了解北京市石景山区中小学生饮食行为现状,分析其相关因素。方法采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法,抽取石景山区5所小学、3所初中和1所普通高中的3~12年级中小学生及其家长作为调查对象,使用《学龄儿童营养素养水平评价问卷(3年级及以上)》收集学生的基本信息、饮食行为和营养素养相关信息,使用《学龄儿童家庭食物环境问卷》收集学生的家庭食物环境相关信息。采用单因素分析不同特征学生的饮食行为及评分的差异,采用多元线性回归分析饮食行为的相关因素。结果1906名中小学生每日摄入粗粮、水果、蔬菜、深色蔬菜、奶制品、豆制品、早餐、零食的比例分别为37.25%、72.18%、76.94%、53.04%、62.33%、17.79%、85.73%和14.22%,每周至少吃1次水产品、动物肝脏、菌藻类、含糖饮料、油炸食品、西式快餐的比例为74.92%、34.73%、81.09%、67.58%、64.38%和50.84%,过去24 h内摄入食物种类≥12种的学生占27.96%。学生的饮食行为评分中位数为18.50分(满分28.00分),四分位数间距为4.50分。多元线性回归分析结果显示,学生饮食行为与主要照护者和学生的关系、照护者受教育水平、家庭人均年收入、营养素养和家庭食物环境存在线性关系(P均<0.05),其中营养素养的标准化回归系数最大,为0.339。结论石景山区中小学生饮食行为评分偏低,应对学生和家长开展营养健康教育以提升学生营养素养,改善家庭食物环境,促进学生健康饮食行为养成。Objective To investigate the current situation of eating behaviors among primary and secondary school students in Shijingshan district of Beijing and analyze its related factors.Methods A total of 1906 primary and secondary school students from Grade 3rd to 12th and their parents were selected from 5 primary schools,3 junior high schools and 1 senior high school in Shijingshan district by multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method.The basic information,eating behaviors and nutrition literacy information of the students were collected by Nutrition Literacy Level Assessment Questionnaire for School-age Children(Grade Three and Above)and family food environment information of the students was collected by Family Food Environment Questionnaire for School-age Children.Single factor analysis was used to analyze the differences of behaviors and eating behavior scores of students with different characteristics,and multiple linear regression was used to analyze the related factors of eating behavior.Results Among 1906 students,37.25%,72.18%,76.94%,53.04%,62.33%,17.79%,85.73%and 14.22%of them ate coarse grains,fruits,vegetables,dark vegetables,dairy products,soy products,breakfast and snacks everyday.74.92%,34.73%,81.09%,67.58%,64.38%and 50.84%of the students ate aquatic products,animal livers,thallophytes,sugary drinks,fried food and western fast food at least once a week.27.96%of the students ate more than 12 kinds of food in the past 24 hours.The median score of students'eating behavior was 18.50 points(out of 28.00points),and the quartile range was 4.50 points.The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that students'eating behavior had linear relationship with the relationship of their main caregiver,caregiver's education level,annual household per capita income,nutrition literacy and family food environment(all P<0.05),among them the standardized regression coefficient of nutrition literacy was the largest(0.339).Conclusions The score of eating behaviors of primary and secondary school students in S

关 键 词：饮食行为 营养素养 家庭食物环境 中小学生 

分 类 号：R153.2[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]