辽金至明清都城中轴线初步研究  

Preliminary Study of the Central Axis of the Capital City during the Liao and Jin through Ming and Qing Dynasties

作　　者：史浩成 Shi Haocheng

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学,北京市100081

出　　处：《考古学集刊》2024年第2期165-186,共22页Archaeological Collectanea

摘　　要：在辽金至明清时期的民族融合过程中,少数民族政权受到中原地区汉族文化的影响较大,使得其都城布局发生了极大的改变,其中都城中轴线的变化尤为突出。辽金时期的都城中轴线布局尚不稳定,中轴线的方向有东西向和南北向两种;宋元时期的都城中轴线布局基本稳定,中轴线的方向为南北向,且基本位于都城的居中位置;明清时期的都城中轴线布局得到了完善与发展,中轴线居于都城轴对称位置,且贯穿都城南北的中心建筑。辽金至明清时期都城中轴线布局的变化与发展,反映出了此时期多元文化交往、交流、交融的过程,也体现出了多元文化融合下的“建中立极”都城中轴线规划理念的发展。During the process of ethnic integration from the Liao and Jin through the Ming and Qing periods,minority regimes were significantly influenced by Han culture from the Central Plains,resulting in considerable changes to the layout of their capital cities,particularly in the central axis.In the Liao and Jin periods,the central axis of the capital city was not yet stable,exhibiting both east-west and north-south orientations.By the Song and Yuan periods,the layout of the central axis became relatively stable,predominantly aligning north-south and situated roughly in the center of the city.The Ming and Qing periods saw the refinement and development of the capital's central axis,with the axis positioned symmetrically and traversing the central buildings of the city from north to south.The changes and developments in the central axis layout of the capital cities from the Liao and Jin to the Ming and Qing periods reflect the processes of pluralistic cultural exchange,interaction,and integration during this time.They also demonstrate the evolution of the"establishing the center and aligning the extremes"concept in urban planning during pluralistic cultural integration.

关 键 词：都城 中轴线 辽金时期 宋元时期 明清时期 

分 类 号：K928[历史地理—人文地理学] K928.5