梅洛-庞蒂“自然现象学”的“时间本体论”  

On “the Logos of Time” in Merleau-Ponty's “Phenomenology of Nature”

作　　者：沈宇彬 Shen Yubin

机构地区：[1]浙江工商大学东方语言与哲学学院,浙江杭州310018 [2]浙江工商大学东西文明互鉴研究院,浙江杭州310018

出　　处：《社会科学战线》2025年第3期42-49,281,共9页Social Science Front

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(23ZD241)。

摘　　要：梅洛-庞蒂在《知觉现象学》阶段经由“身体时间性”完成了对“知觉世界”的“时空性”建构,但“在场之场”所预设的“身体从何而来”难题仍悬而未决。身体哲学与意识哲学的张力在梅洛-庞蒂后期哲学中重新显现。在柏格森和怀特海对自然之“绵延”与“流变”的多维解读影响下,梅洛-庞蒂加深了对时间哲学和自然哲学的结构化把控:他围绕“时间”维度,一方面通过“可见者”和“不可见者”的现象学辩证关系论证二元张力下重铸“自然”实存锚地的可能性,另一方面在“交织”语境下将“时空性”所呈现的动态拓扑范式(“肉”)与其“自然的现象学化”策略相融合。这既是对他前中期思想中“知觉世界”的深度还原,也是对“身体(时间)现象学”的结构性升华。梅洛-庞蒂朝向“自然(时间)现象学”的转变由此开启。Merleau-Ponty,in his work Phenomenology of Perception,established the spatio-temporal structure of the “perceived world” through the concept of “bodily temporality.” However,the question of “where the body originates” posed by the “champ de présence” remains unresolved.This tension between body philosophy and consciousness philosophy reappears in Merleau-Ponty's later work.Under the influence of Bergson and Whitehead's multi-dimensional interpretation of “duration” in nature,Merleau-Ponty deepens his exploration of time and nature philosophy.He proposes,on one hand,a dialectical phenomenological relationship between the “visible” and the “invisible,” demonstrating the possibility of reconstructing nature as an existential anchor under the dualistic tension.On the other hand,he links the dynamic topological paradigm of “flesh” from the spatio-temporal perspective with the phenomenologization of nature in the context of “chiasme.” This synthesis is both a profound reduction of the “perceived world” and a structural elevation of the “phenomenology of the body(time).” Merleau-Ponty's transition towards “phenomenology of natural(time) ” is thus initiated.

关 键 词：梅洛-庞蒂 时间哲学 自然哲学 交织 元现象学 

分 类 号：B565.59[哲学宗教—外国哲学]