玻璃纤维增强材料汽车仪表板横梁结构优化设计  

Optimization design of automotive instrument panel crossmember structure with glass fiber reinforced materials

作　　者：朱宇 熊敏[1] 张横[1] ZHU Yu;XIONG Min;ZHANG Heng(School of Mechanical Engineering,University of Shanghai for Science and Technology,Shanghai 200093,China)

机构地区：[1]上海理工大学机械工程学院,上海200093

出　　处：《湖南文理学院学报(自然科学版)》2025年第2期56-62,共7页Journal of Hunan University of Arts and Science(Science and Technology)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52375257)。

摘　　要：为了进一步实现汽车零部件的轻量化,采用玻璃纤维增强材料作为仪表板横梁结构材料,考虑材料的各向异性对汽车仪表板进行拓扑优化,设计了高刚轻质的汽车仪表板横梁结构。首先,构建代表性体积单元模型模拟复合材料在不同纤维角度下的微观力学行为,并通过纤维分布概率仿真获得PA6–GF60材料各向异性弹性常数;然后基于此材料特性,以某型汽车仪表板横梁作为设计对象,采用变密度法,以结构柔度最小为优化目标,体积分数和一阶频率为约束条件,进行拓扑优化设计;在优化设计结果基础上,对仪表板进行工程化设计,对比原结构,工程化设计结果在静刚度提升67.4%的基础上,质量减重24.5%。In order to further achieve the lightweight of automotive components,glass fiber reinforced materials were used to replace the traditional instrument panel material of polypropylene.Taking into account the anisotropy of the material,the topology optimization of the automotive instrument panel was carried out,and a high-rigidity lightweight automotive instrument panel crossmember structure was designed.Firstly,a representative volume element model was built to simulate the microscopic mechanical behavior of the composite material under different fiber angles,and the anisotropic elastic constants of the Pa6-Gf60 material were obtained through fiber distribution probability simulation.Then,based on this material property,the instrument panel crossmember of a certain type of automobile was selected as the design object,and the topology optimization was carried out using the variable density method,with the minimum structural flexibility as the optimization objective,the volume fraction and the first-order frequency as the constraint conditions.In the optimized design results,the instrument panel was engineered.Compared with the original structure,the engineering design results achieved a 67.4%increase in static stiffness while reducing the weight by 24.5%.

关 键 词：玻璃纤维增强材料 轻量化设计 拓扑优化 汽车仪表板 各向异性 

分 类 号：U466[机械工程—车辆工程]