衰老对视听双任务大脑信号变异性的影响  

The effect of aging on brain signal variability in visual-audio dual tasks

作　　者：寇诺男 王松建 刘怡 赵宵颖 刘潼 王媛[1] 王硕[1] KOU Nuonan;WANG Songjian;LIU Yi;ZHAO Xiaoying;LIU Tong;WANG Yuan;WANG Shuo(Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery,Beijing Tongren Hospital,Capital Medical University,Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery(Capital Medical University),Ministry of Education,Beijing,100730,China)

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科,耳鼻咽喉头颈科学教育部重点实验室(首都医科大学),北京市耳鼻咽喉科研究所,北京100730

出　　处：《中国耳鼻咽喉头颈外科》2025年第2期76-81,共6页Chinese Archives of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(82301300);首发重点公关课题(首发-2024-1-1091);北京市自然科学基金(7252010);高层次公共卫生技术人才建设项目(学术骨干-02-42);首都卫生发展科研专项(首发2022-4-1093)。

摘　　要：目的采用功能性近红外光谱技术探索健康衰老过程中大脑信号变异性的特异性变化规律。方法纳入年轻人28例,老年人30例,采用功能性近红外光谱技术记录在执行视听双任务时大脑血氧变化,计算大脑信号变异性。结果在执行视听双任务时,老年组双侧背外侧前额叶皮层、右侧Broca、双侧初级体感皮层、双侧Wernicke区、双侧额极区、双侧初级运动皮层、双侧体感联合皮层、双侧眶额区、双侧前运动和辅助运动皮层的大脑信号变异性显著降低,年轻人左侧初级体感皮层(r=-0.385,P=0.043)、右侧初级体感皮层(r=-0.386,P=0.042)的大脑信号变异性与视觉反应时呈负相关;老年人右侧体感联合皮层(r=-0.371,P=0.044)、左侧前运动和辅助运动皮层(r=-0.393,P=0.032)的大脑信号变异性与视觉反应时呈负相关。结论老年人前额叶及感觉相关皮层的大脑信号变异性显著降低,导致神经动态适应性下降,从而影响视听双任务相关的行为表现。OBJECTIVE Exploring the specific changes in brain signal variability during healthy aging using functional near-infrared spectroscopy technology.METHODS Twenty-eight young adults and 30 elderly adults were included,and functional near-infrared spectroscopy was used to record the changes in brain blood oxygen and calculate the brain signal variability during the execution of visual-audio dual tasks.RESULTS The brain signal variability of the elderly group was significantly reduced when performing visual-audio dual tasks,especially in the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex,right Broca,bilateral primary somatosensory cortex,bilateral Wernicke area,bilateral frontopolar area,bilateral primary motor cortex,bilateral somatosensory association cortex,bilateral orbitofrontal area,bilateral pre-motor and supplementary motor cortex.The brain signal variability in the left primary somatosensory cortex(r=-0.385,P=0.043)and right primary somatosensory cortex(r=-0.386,P=0.042)of young adults was negatively correlated with visual reaction time;The brain signal variability in the right somatosensory association cortex(r=-0.371,P=0.044),left pre-motor and supplementary motor cortex(r=-0.393,P=0.032)of elderly adults was negatively correlated with visual reaction time.CONCLUSION Elderly individuals exhibit a significant reduction in neural signal variability within the prefrontal cortex and sensory related cortex,resulting in diminished neural dynamic adaptability that compromises behavioral performance during visual-audio dual tasks.

关 键 词：衰老 氧合血红蛋白 选择性注意 大脑信号变异性 功能性近红外光谱成像技术 

分 类 号：R741[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]