天山野果林3个山楂品种果实品质性状的比较  

Analysis of fruit quality traits of 21 hawthorn fruits in the wild fruit forest of Tianshan Mountains

作　　者：尹马泉 原晓露 高丹格 曹佳琪 蔡俊文 徐丽萍 YIN Maquan;YUAN Xiaolu;GAO Dange;CAO Jiaqi;CAI Junwen;XU Liping(Key Laboratory for Resource Plants Protection and Utilization of Yili Valley in Xinjiang,Yili Normal University,Yining 835000,Xinjiang,China;College of Biological Science and Technology,Yili Normal University,Yining 835000,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]伊犁师范大学伊犁河谷资源植物保护与利用重点实验室,新疆伊宁835000 [2]伊犁师范大学生物科学与技术学院,新疆伊宁835000

出　　处：《经济林研究》2025年第1期242-254,共13页Non-wood Forest Research

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金项目(2020D01C267);伊犁州第二批科技计划项目(YZ2022B039)。

摘　　要：【目的】为新疆伊犁地区天山野果林中山楂种质资源的发掘和利用提供参考。【方法】以天山野果林5个观测区的3个山楂品种共21个实生山楂树的415个果实为研究对象,对其进行果实感官评价、外在形态特征和内在果实品质的测定,并通过相关性分析、主成分分析、聚类分析等方法对其进行综合评价。【结果】7个外观性状的变异系数为13.13%~142.94%。单果质量差异性最大,变异系数为142.94%。红果山楂S19的单果质量最大,平均值为14.57 g;阿尔泰山楂S16的单果质量最小,平均值为0.62 g。6个内在品质指标的变异系数为11.38%~74.19%,其中差异性最大的为可滴定酸含量,为74.19%。红果山楂果实的抗坏血酸含量最高,为542.48 mg/kg;准噶尔山楂果实的蛋白质含量最高,为9.27 mg/g;阿尔泰山楂果实的这2种指标值均为最低。相关性分析结果显示,海拔与可溶性糖含量、糖酸比、固酸比极显著正相关,与可滴定酸含量、可食率、含水率、横径、纵径、单果质量、果柄直径、果柄长极显著负相关。3个山楂品种按照品质指标的综合得分由高到低排序依次为红果山楂、准噶尔山楂、阿尔泰山楂。【结论】天山野果林山楂种质资源具有丰富的遗传多样性,且在果实形态和果实品质方面存在显著差异。这些差异不仅源于遗传因素,还与其生长环境密切相关。【Objective】This study provides theoretical foundations and data support for the exploration and sustainable utilization of hawthorn(Crataegus spp.)germplasm resources in the wild fruit forest ecosystem of the Tianshan Mountains,located in the Yili region of Xinjiang.【Method】This study took 415 fruits from 21 seedling hawthorn trees of three varieties in five monitoring plots of the Tianshan wild fruit forest as research objects.We conducted fruit sensory evaluation,measurements of external morphological characteristics and internal fruit quality,and performed comprehensive evaluation through correlation analysis,principal component analysis,and cluster analysis.【Result】Variation coefficient for seven external morphological traits ranged from 13.13%to 142.94%.Single fruit mass exhibited the greatest variability(variation coefficient 142.94%).Crataegus sanguinea(S19)demonstrated the highest mean single fruit mass(14.57 g),while C.altaica(S16)showed the lowest(0.62 g).For six internal quality indices,variation coefficients spanned 11.38%-74.19%,with titratable acidity displaying maximal variation(variation coefficient 74.19%).C.sanguinea fruits contained the highest ascorbic acid content(542.48 mg/kg),whereas C.songarica exhibited peak protein levels(9.27 mg/g).C.altaica ranked lowest in both parameters.Correlation analysis revealed extremely significant positive correlations between altitude and soluble sugar content,sugar-acid ratio,and soluble solid-acid ratio.Conversely,extremely significant negative correlations were observed between altitude and titratable acidity,edible rate,moisture content,transverse diameter,longitudinal diameter,single fruit weight,pedicel diameter,and pedicel length.【Conclusion】The hawthorn germplasm resources in the Tianshan wild fruit forest exhibit substantial genetic diversity,accompanied by significant inter-varietal differentiation in fruit morphology and quality indices.This phenotypic divergence arises not only from genotypic heterogeneity but also demonstrates st

关 键 词：天山野果林 山楂 种质资源 果实品质 相关性分析 

分 类 号：S661.5[农业科学—果树学]