快速城镇化对粤港澳大湾区生境质量的影响及其因素研究  

Impact of rapid urbanization on habitat quality and its factors in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area

作　　者：曾梓瑶 吴卓 朱玲珑 黄晓澄 ZENG Ziyao;WU Zhuo;ZHU Linglong;HUANG Xiaocheng(School of Geography and Remote Sensing,Guangzhou University,Guangzhou 510006,China)

机构地区：[1]广州大学地理科学与遥感学院,广州510006

出　　处：《生态科学》2025年第1期40-50,共11页Ecological Science

基　　金：广东省林业科技创新重点项目(2020KJCX006&2018KJCX013);国家自然科学基金项目(42171089)。

摘　　要：快速城镇化给粤港澳大湾区生态环境带来巨大压力,同时也对区域生态安全造成严重胁迫。生境质量作为区域生态健康的直接反映,其时空变化及驱动因子探究成为揭示区域生态环境变化机制的关键,但目前关于城镇化驱动因素与生境质量的空间关系和定量解释仍不够全面。利用InVEST模型,定量评估了粤港澳大湾区2000—2020年生境质量时空特征,并综合利用地理加权回归和地理探测器方法试图在空间和定量解释上识别关键城镇化驱动因素,进一步揭示快速城镇化对生态环境的影响过程与机制。结果表明:(1)粤港澳大湾区生境质量呈中间低、四周高的分布格局,2000—2020年间,平均生境质量由0.78下降至0.72,整个大湾区生境质量呈退化趋势。(2)地理探测器结果表明所选的城镇化因子对于生境质量解释力有不同程度的增加,其中夜间灯光的解释力最高。(3)生境质量与夜间灯光、人口密度和PM2.5以负相关关系为主,与主要道路、中心城市距离以正相关关系为主。为缓解粤港澳大湾区生境退化问题,快速发展的城市区域需进一步加强生态修复,结合关键影响因素的空间格局开展有针对性的生态修复工程,提升城市地区生态环境安全。Rapid urbanization has brought tremendous pressure on the ecological environment of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area,and also posed a serious threat to regional ecological security.Habitat quality can reflect the regional ecological health,while its spatial and temporal changes and driving factors have become the key to reveal the mechanism of regional ecological environment changes.However,the spatial relationships and quantitative explanations of urbanization driving factors and habitat quality are still not comprehensive.Based on the model,we quantitatively assessed the spatial and temporal characteristics of habitat quality in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area from 2000 to 2020.In addition,geographically weighted regression and geodetector methods are combined in an attempt to identify key urbanization drivers and further reveal the processes and mechanisms of rapid urbanization on the ecological environment.The results showed that:(1)From 2000 to 2020,the distribution pattern of habitat quality in the Greater Bay Area was low in the middle and high in the surrounding areas.The average habitat quality index decreased from 0.78 to 0.72.(2)The results of the geodetector indicate that the selected urbanization factors have different degrees of increasing explanatory power for habitat quality,with the highest explanatory power for nighttime lights.(3)Habitat quality is predominantly negatively correlated with nighttime lighting,population density and PM2.5,and positively correlated with major roads and distance from the central city.To alleviate habitat degradation in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area,the rapidly developing urban areas need to further strengthen ecological restoration.Targeted ecological restoration projects are carried out in conjunction with the spatial pattern of key influencing factors to enhance ecological and environmental security in urban areas.

关 键 词：生境质量 地理加权回归 InVEST模型 地理探测器 粤港澳大湾区 

分 类 号：K903[历史地理—人文地理学]