蒙东草原典型露天矿排土场边坡生态修复关键技术集成与应用研究  

Study on the integration and application of key technologies for dump slopes ecological restoration of typical open-pit mine in the Eastern Mongolia grassland

作　　者：德力格尔[1] 赵宇 李媛媛[1] Deligeer;ZHAO Yu;LI Yuanyuan(College of Agriculture,Inner Mongolia Minzu University,Tongliao 028000,China;State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology,Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100085,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古民族大学草业学院,内蒙古通辽028000 [2]中国科学院生态环境研究中心,城市与区域生态国家重点实验室,北京100085

出　　处：《东北师大学报(自然科学版)》2025年第1期133-143,共11页Journal of Northeast Normal University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：内蒙古自治区科技发展计划项目(2022YFDZ0073);内蒙古自治区高等学校科学研究项目(NJZZ23051);内蒙古自治区直属高校基本科研项目(GXKY22227,GXKY25Z040)。

摘　　要：以内蒙古自治区霍林郭勒市南露天矿排土场高陡边坡为研究对象,通过探讨剖析露天矿排土场边坡生态修复的修复需求,形成并开展了集“边坡重塑、采排复一体化、固土保水、植被护坡与景观重建、效果监测”等关键技术为一体的技术集成与示范研究;同时,基于土壤理化性质分析和植被样方调查,跟踪监测了2019—2023年间技术集成体系的修复效果.结果表明:(1)坡面重构土壤主要理化性质、土壤孔隙度均较对照区有显著提升(P<0.05),且逐年向周边原生草原土壤值接近;(2)各坡面平均植被覆盖率由2019年的30.44%,上升至2023年的95.02%,植物多样性平均较对照区有明显的提升;(3)2023年坡面土壤蓄水保水能力得到了恢复(含水量值12.65%),显著高于对照区的6.3%(P<0.05),但显著低于周边原生草原土壤的33.3%(P<0.05).集成化生态修复理念能够有效改善矿区生态环境,促进区域生态系统的正向演替,可为高寒草原典型露天矿排土场高陡边坡生态修复提供本土化、系统化、可推广的解决方案.The ecological restoration effect of high and steep slopes in open pit dumps is often related to the success or failure of ecological restoration operations in typical mining areas in the open pit of the Mengdong Grassland.However,the previous reclamation techniques and effects are often relatively single,lack of macro-control,and urgently need the guidance of systematic and integrated technical system.In this study,the ecological management of high and steep slopes in open-pit mine discharging fields is taken as the research object,on the one hand,through exploring and analyzing the ecological restoration of open-pit mine discharging field slopes,we form and carry out the key technology integrating the key technologies such as“slope remodeling,mining and discharging reintegration,soil consolidation and water preservation,vegetation and landscape reconstruction,effect monitoring”,etc.We integrate and demonstrate the key technologies;on the other hand,based on the soil,we integrate and demonstrate the key technologies based on the soil.On the other hand,based on the analysis of soil physical and chemical properties and the survey of vegetation samples,we will follow up and monitor the restoration effect of the integrated technology system from 2019 to 2023.Based on the 4-year tracking monitoring,it is found that(1)the main physicochemical properties and soil porosity of the reconstructed soil on the slopes are significantly improved compared with that of the control area(P<0.05),and are closer to the value of the neighboring native grassland soil year by year;(2)the average vegetation cover of each slope rises from 30.44%in 2019 to 95.02%in 2023,and the average plant diversity has been significantly improved compared with that of the control area;(3)the soil water storage of the slopes in 2023 is significantly improved compared with the control area;and(4)the soil water storage of the slopes in 2023 is significantly increased.The water storage and retention capacity of the slope soil was restored in 2023(water

关 键 词：蒙东高寒草原 露天煤矿排土场 高陡边坡 生态修复技术集成 绿色矿山 

分 类 号：X174.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学]