论王阳明的经学诠释学——从《五经臆说》到“知行合一”的思想线索看  

On Wang Yangming's Hermeneutics of Confucian Classics:In the Perspective of the Thought Clues from Five Classics Speculation to the Theory of“Integration of Knowledge and Action”

作　　者：朱雷 ZHU Lei(Center for Studies of Values and Culture,School of Philosophy,Collaborative Innovation Center for Core Socialist Values,Beijing Normal University)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学价值与文化研究中心、哲学学院、社会主义核心价值观协同创新中心

出　　处：《当代中国价值观研究》2025年第1期24-35,共12页Chinese Journal of Contemporary Values

摘　　要：在龙场悟道后,阳明所写的首部著作是《五经臆说》。据阳明自述,此书后来已被他焚毁。钱德洪在阳明死后,从废稿中检得残篇十三条。有学者从《五经臆说》残篇中解读出阳明之后提出的一些思想命题,尤其是“知行合一”之说,这恐怕凿之过深。阳明真正的经学思想不在《五经臆说》,而在焚毁《五经臆说》的举动中。在文本层面与朱子争辩,其实并未跳出朱子学“先知后行”的为学思路。唯有不务知解,切实修行,才符合“知行合一”的精神。在解经之风格上,阳明主张删繁就简,简易直截。在解经方法上,阳明则将解经由知识性活动转变为修行活动,认为“解经”实在于“解心”,明心才能明道,致良知才是通经。由此,经典诠释在阳明这里转变为一种修行实践,这才符合知行合一的精神。After the Longchang Enlightenment,Yangming's first work was Five Classics Speculation.According to Yangming's self-account,this book was burned by himself later.After the death of Yangming,Qian Dehong retrieved thirteen fragments from the discarded manuscript.There is scholar who has interpreted some of the ideological propositions,especially the“Integration of knowledge and action”from these fragments.Maybe it's over-interpretation.This article argues that Yangming's true thought did not lie in the Five Classics Speculation,but in the act of burning it.Arguing with Zhu Xi at the textual level did not actually break away from the learning method of“studying before practicing”.Only by not paying too much energy and time in studying but in practicing can we combine knowledge and action.In terms of the style of interpreting classics,Yangming advocated being simple and straightforward.In terms of the method of interpreting,Yangming transformed the process of interpreting from a knowledge-based activity to a practice activity,believed that interpreting classics should be interpreting one's own mind.Only by understanding the mind can one understand the Tao,and only by altering one's state of consciousness can one truly understand the classics.Thus,the interpretation of classics transformed into a practice of spiritual enlightenment,which truly reflected the spirit of integration of knowledge and action.

关 键 词：五经臆说 知行合一 经典诠释 修行实践 

分 类 号：B248.2[哲学宗教—中国哲学]