历史文化遗产旅游地无障碍环境建设的权衡思路——对日本经验的分析解读  

Balancing Approaches to the Improvement of Barrier-free Environment in Historical and Cultural Heritage Tourism Sites:An Analysis of the Japanese Experience

作　　者：崔轩 张光玮 邵磊[1] Cui Xuan;Zhang Guangwei;Shao Lei(School of Architecture,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;Qingyuan(Bei Jing)Cultural Heritage Protection and Development Center Co.Ltd.,Beijing 100192,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学建筑学院,北京100084 [2]清源<北京>文化遗产保护发展中心有限公司,北京100192

出　　处：《中国文化遗产》2025年第2期79-88,共10页China Cultural Heritage

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“无障碍环境建设研究”(22&ZD186)。

摘　　要：提升面向公众开放的历史文化遗产地无障碍环境建设水平,是包容与公平的体现,也是老龄化趋势和开放入境游政策下无障碍利用者的需求。在历史文化遗产地进行无障碍建设工作需要兼顾“严格遵循历史文化遗产保护原则”和“尽量提升无障碍建设水平原则”,解决改造和保护之间的冲突性要求。在具体实践中,国际上无障碍工作推进较成熟的国家都给出了不同答案。其中日本制度设计中采用的两相权衡思路,在相关法规规定的义务要求、工作开展思路、改善手法以及推进机制上,具备“分等级、分范围、定制化,作为义务与不作为义务相协调”的特点,包括在无障碍环境建设和历史遗产保护两套法规体系中有所呼应地进行了规定,根据文化财的构成部分分范围应用不同的优先考虑事项和可采用的无障碍改善措施,在制定和践行长期保护利用规划的同时,按照符合每个项目独特性的定制化模式推进,借助恰当的契机开展无障碍化,并有着更严格的呈报审批行政管理要求。其做法可以为我国历史文化遗产无障碍环境建设工作提供借鉴。In the context of advancing the integration of historical and cultural heritage with tourism,the improvement of barrier-free environment in public historical and cultural heritage sites became an important issue.It responds to the demands of an aging population and inbound tourism,reflects principles of equity and inclusion,and aligns with policies of historical and cultural heritage conservation and utilization.Although there are already many excellent practical cases in China,the current regulatory frameworks and mechanisms in barrier-free environment improvement or historical and cultural heritage conservation still lack targeted provisions.Existing research typically adopts a framework that addresses these two aspects separately.This paperfirst delineates the dual principles to be followed in this issue:the principle of strictly adhering to historical and cultural heritage preservation,and the principle of striving to improve the accessibility of barrier-free environment.It argues that the key to resolving the conflicting requirements between improvement and preservation lies in avoiding a compartmentalized perspective and embracing a balancing approach.This paper further analyzes the relatively well-established Japan’s experience,providing an in-depth interpretation of its relevant regulatory frameworks,technical guidance documents,administrative management systems,and exemplary practical cases.Its balancing approach is reflected in more detailed adjustments,manifested in the obligations stipulated in laws and regulations;the methodologies employed in accessible design and implementation;and the design of advancement mechanisms.It is characterized by“grading,zoning,customized,coordinated positive and negative obligations”.Provisions across the two regulatory systems resonate with each other,delineating different responsibilities and obligations for the preservation of historical and cultural heritage and the construction of a barrier-free environment based on the classification and grading of heritage,

关 键 词：历史文化遗产旅游地 无障碍环境建设 遗产保护与利用 

分 类 号：F592.7[经济管理—旅游管理]