哈茨木霉、贝莱斯芽孢杆菌PYB-17菌剂对玉米茎基腐病防效及根际微生物多样性影响  

Effects of Trichoderma harziensis and Bacillus velezensis PYB-17 Microbial Agents on Control of Maize Stem Rot and Rhizosphere Microbial Diversity

作　　者：洪赫 李蓉 王艳斌 张红娟[2] 刘杰辉 赵芳 王春静 谢咸升 HONG He;LI Rong;WANG Yanbin;ZHANG Hongjuan;LIU Jiehui;ZHAO Fang;WANG Chunjing;XIE Xiansheng(College of Plant Protection,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu,Shanxi 030801,China;Institute of Wheat Research,Shanxi Agricultural University,Linfen,Shanxi 041000,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学植物保护学院,山西太谷030801 [2]山西农业大学小麦研究所,山西临汾041000

出　　处：《陕西农业科学》2025年第3期87-97,共11页Shaanxi Journal of Agricultural Sciences

摘　　要：为探究哈茨木霉(Trichoderma harziensis)、贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(Bacillus velezensis)PYB-17菌剂对由禾谷镰孢菌(Fusarium graminearum)引起的玉米茎基腐病(Maize stem rot)防效及根际微生物多样性影响,本研究采用盆栽试验对玉米进行人工接菌,并设置单独施用500倍哈茨木霉粉剂、单独施用500倍贝莱斯芽孢杆菌PYB-17可湿性粉剂、混施500倍哈茨木霉粉剂与500倍贝莱斯芽孢杆菌PYB-17可湿性粉剂、清水对照处理,重复3次。处理后35 d调查玉米茎基腐病病情指数,计算防效。并利用16S rRNA和ITS测序,分析各处理对根际微生物多样性影响。结果表明,单独施用哈茨木霉粉剂、贝莱斯芽孢杆菌PYB-17可湿性粉剂对玉米茎基腐病防效分别为63.86%和61.01%,混施500倍哈茨木霉、贝莱斯芽孢杆菌PYB-17菌剂防治效果为67.82%。混施两种菌剂对根际土壤细菌和真菌多样性影响较大,ASV增加,Chao1指数和ACE指数均明显高于清水对照,特别是细菌中芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)和真菌中木霉属(Trichoderma)、毛壳菌属(Chaetomium)丰度显著增加,说明施用哈茨木霉粉剂和贝莱斯芽孢杆菌PYB-17可湿性粉剂后使根际土壤微生物种类更丰富,提高了有益菌丰度。本研究为哈茨木霉、贝莱斯芽孢杆菌PYB-17菌剂防控玉米茎基腐病提供了依据。To investigate the efficacy of Trichoderma harziensis and Bacillus velezensis PYB-17 biocontrol agents against maize stem rot caused by Fusarium graminearum and their impact on rhizosphere microbial diversity,this study artificially inoculated potted maize and applied treatments of 500 times diluted B.velezensis PYB-17 wettable powder alone,a mixture of 500 times diluted T.harziensis powder and B.Velezensis PYB-17 wettable powder,and a water control,with each treatment repeated three times.Thirty-five days after treatment,the maize stem rot disease index was surveyed and efficacy calculated.Using 16S rRNA and ITS sequencing,the impact of each treatment on rhizosphere microbial diversity was analyzed.The results showed that the efficacy of T.harziensis powder alone and B.velezensis PYB-17 wettable powder alone against maize stem rot was 59.40%and 55.44%,respectively.The combined application of both biocontrol agents at 500 times dilution had a control efficacy of 66.37%.The mixed application of the two biocontrol agents had a significant impact on the diversity of rhizosphere soil bacteria and fungi,with a reduced disease index.The mixed application of the two biocontrol agents had a significant impact on the diversity of rhizosphere soil bacteria and fungi,with an increase in ASV,and the Chao1 and ACE indices were significantly higher than those of the water control.Particularly,the abundance of Bacillus in bacteria and Trichoderma and Chaetomium in fungi significantly increased,indicating that applying T.harziensis powder and B.velezensis PYB-17 wettable powder enriched the variety of soil microbes in the rhizosphere and increased the abundance of beneficial microbes.This study provides a basis for the control of maize stem rot by T.harziensis and B.velezensis PYB-17 biocontrol agents.

关 键 词：哈茨木霉 贝莱斯芽孢杆菌PYB-17 玉米茎基腐病 防效 微生物多样性 

分 类 号：S154[农业科学—土壤学]