论法益视角下限缩“非法债务”的实现路径  

On the Path to Narrowing the Scope of"Illegal Debt"from the Perspective of Legal Interests

作　　者：申胜威 杨海强[1] SHEN Shengwei;YANG Haiqiang(School of Criminal Law,East China University of Political Science and Law,Shanghai 200080,China)

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学刑事法学院,上海200080

出　　处：《三明学院学报》2025年第1期45-53,共9页Journal of Sanming University

基　　金：上海市哲学社会科学项目(2022ZFX004);华东政法大学2023年苏惠渔刑法学研究基金资助项目(2023-15);华东政法大学2024年校级研究生创新项目(2024-2-026)。

摘　　要：为了回应近些年来频繁发生的恶性催收事件,《刑法修正案(十一)》专门增设了催收非法债务罪。现有的“非法债务”认定标准仍存在不当地限缩非法债务类型或是不具有可操作性等诸多问题。应当以本罪保护的法益为切入视角进行分析,基于本罪在分则体系中的位置、立法背景以及法益保护必要性,可知本罪所保护的法益为社会公共秩序,但法条规定的罪状并没有明确体现出对公共秩序的侵犯。应当认为,“非法债务”本身的非法性便体现出对社会秩序的侵害,只有侵害社会公共行为所形成的债务才是本罪所规定的“非法债务”。条文中所规定的“高利放贷”应限定为违法经营性放贷活动所形成的、年利率超过36%的高利贷。In response to the frequent occurrence of malicious debt collection incidents in recent years,the Criminal Law Amendment(Ⅺ)has specifically established the crime of collecting illegal debts.The existing criteria for identifying"illegal debts"still have many issues,such as improperly narrowing the types of illegal debts or lacking operability.The analysis should be conducted from the perspective of legal interests protected by this crime.Based on the position of this crime within the subsidiary system,legislative background,and the necessity of legal interest protection,it can be determined that the legal interest protected by this crime is the social public order.However,the statutory provisions do not clearly reflect the infringe-ment of public order.It should be considered that the illegality of"illegal debts"itself reflects the infringement of social or-der,only debts formed by infringing upon social public behavior are the"illegal debts"stipulated by this crime.The"usurious lending"stipulated in the article is limited to usurious loans formed by illegal business lending activities with an annual inter-est rate exceeding 36%.

关 键 词：催收非法债务罪 非法债务 《刑法修正案(十一)》 社会公共秩序 

分 类 号：D924.36[政治法律—刑法学]