精细化管理下的器官移植伦理审查实践探讨  

Discussion on the practice of ethical review in organ transplantation under refined management

作　　者：黄芳[1] 潘欣逢 曾辉[1] 何清[1] 徐勇 魏兰兰 HUANG Fang;PAN Xinfeng;ZENG Hui;HE Qing;XU Yong;WEI Lanlan(Ethics Committee Office,Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital,Shenzhen 518112,China)

机构地区：[1]深圳市第三人民医院伦理委员会办公室,广东深圳518112

出　　处：《中国医学伦理学》2025年第4期441-447,共7页Chinese Medical Ethics

基　　金：深圳市第三人民医院院内课题基金项目“器官移植伦理精细化审查模式的研究及实践”(24250G1044)。

摘　　要：器官移植的发展为许多器官衰竭患者及其家庭带来了新生,但也引发了诸多伦理问题,如何平衡器官捐献人和接受人之间的权益,确保移植过程的公平性和透明性,成为亟待解决的问题。基于《人体器官捐献和移植条例》与《人体器官移植伦理委员会工作规则》,深入分析当前器官移植伦理难点和挑战。以深圳市第三人民医院的伦理审查实践为例,探讨了供受双方的充分知情告知、边缘供者的风险评估以及供受双方关系的审查等问题,并通过精细化管理,探索构建了一套完善的器官移植伦理审查模式。该模式提高了伦理审查的效率和质量,完善了相关知识体系。期望该模式的实施能为全国范围内推广有效的器官移植伦理审查提供借鉴,推动器官移植伦理审查工作的完善和发展。同时,呼吁更多医学伦理专家和工作者关注并参与器官移植伦理审查的研究和实践,共同推动这一领域的进步。The development of organ transplantation has brought new hope to many patients with organ failure and their families,but it has also raised numerous ethical issues.How to balance the rights and interests between organ donors and recipients,as well as ensure the fairness and transparency of the transplantation process has become an urgent problem to be solved.Based on the latest Regulations on Organ Donation and Transplantation and the Working Rules of the Ethics Committee for Human Organ Transplantation,the current difficulties and challenges in organ transplantation ethics were deeply analyzed.Taking the ethical review practice of Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital as an example,this paper explored issues such as full informed consent of both donors and recipients,risk assessment of marginal donors,and the review of relationships between donors and recipients.It also explored and constructed a set of complete ethical review models for organ transplantation through refined management.This model improved the efficiency and quality of ethical review as well as enriched the related knowledge system.It is expected that the implementation of this model can provide a reference for promoting effective ethical review nationwide,advancing the improvement and development of ethical review work in organ transplantation.Meanwhile,more medical ethics experts and practitioners are called upon to focus on and engage in the research and practice of ethical review in organ transplantation,jointly promoting progress in this field.

关 键 词：器官移植 精细化管理 伦理审查 患者问询 患者权益 

分 类 号：R-052[医药卫生]