对“诉诸自然”论证的分析——以人类基因增强技术为例  

Analysis of the“appeal to nature”argument:taking human gene enhancement technology as an example

作　　者：景铄超 李伦 JING Shuochao;LI Lun(School of Humanities,Dalian University of Technology,Dalian 116000,China)

机构地区：[1]大连理工大学人文学院,辽宁大连116000

出　　处：《中国医学伦理学》2025年第4期468-475,共8页Chinese Medical Ethics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“大数据环境下信息价值开发的伦理约束机制研究”(17ZDA023)。

摘　　要：自古希腊时代起,技术就被看作是自然的对立面,哲学家常诉诸道德性的自然概念来批判“不自然”的技术。近年来,“诉诸自然”论证逐渐成了否定新兴科技正当性的论证之一。此类论证以某项技术或行为突破了原有自然限制为由,认为该技术或行为不具有伦理正当性。人类基因增强技术通过改造人类遗传结构打破了自然对人类自身的限制,这种变革使其成为“诉诸自然”论证关注的重点。然而,“诉诸自然”论证是否可靠却未得到应有的澄明。分析并重塑关于人类基因增强技术的“诉诸自然”论证,对“诉诸自然”论证的论证结构有效性与论证前提可靠性进行检验,证明“诉诸自然”论证的有限性,使新兴技术的发展摆脱不可靠的“诉诸自然”论证的指控。Since ancient Greece,technology has been viewed as the antithesis of nature,and philosophers have often resorted to the moralistic concept of nature to criticize“unnatural”technologies.In recent years,the“appeal to nature”argument has gradually become one of the arguments for denying the legitimacy of emerging technologies.This argument argues that technology or behavior has no ethical justification because it breaks through pre-existing natural limitations.Human gene enhancement technology breaks the natural restrictions on humans by modifying the human genetic structure,and this transformation makes it the focus of the“appeal to nature”argument.However,the reliability of the“appeal to nature”argument has not been clarified as it should be.This paper analyzed and reshaped the“appeal to nature”argument for human genetic enhancement technology,examined the validity of the argument structure and the reliability of the argument premise of the“appeal to nature”argument,demonstrated the limitations of the“appeal to nature”argument,and freed the development of emerging technologies from the accusations of unreliable“appeal to nature”argument.

关 键 词：诉诸自然 人类基因增强 伦理正当性 

分 类 号：R-052[医药卫生]