中国现行法律制度下生前预嘱的实现路径探讨  

Exploration of the realization path of living will under the current legal system in China

作　　者：许可怡 贾婧琪 胡馨 陆胤晓 刘瑞爽[3] XU Keyi;JIA Jingqi;HU Xin;LU Yinxiao;LIU Ruishuang(School of Nursing,Peking University,Beijing 100191,China;School of Law,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China;School of Health Humanities,Peking University,Beijing 100191,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学护理学院,北京100191 [2]北京大学法学院,北京100871 [3]北京大学医学人文学院,北京100191

出　　处：《中国医学伦理学》2025年第4期500-511,共12页Chinese Medical Ethics

摘　　要：在当前的法律框架下,生前预嘱作为维护患者自主权和尊严的重要法律工具,已在多个国家和地区得到广泛认可和实施。在中国,生前预嘱的推广同样具备坚实的法律基础,其合法性在《中华人民共和国民法典》的多条规定中都有所体现。而《深圳经济特区医疗条例》(2022年修订)的亮点之一便是对生前预嘱的法律效力予以明确。为了确保患者的生前预嘱能够在关键时刻得到准确执行,应在法律框架内明确患者、家属和医疗专业人员的权利义务,在每一实施环节予以明确指导。Under the current legal framework,living will,as an important legal tool for safeguarding patients’autonomy and dignity,have been widely recognized and implemented in many countries and regions.In China,the promotion of living will also has a solid legal foundation,with their legitimacy reflected in several provisions of the Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China.One of the highlights of the Medical Regulations of the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone(revised in 2022)is the clarification of the legal effect of living will.To ensure that patients’living will can be accurately implemented at critical moments,the rights and obligations of patients,family members,and healthcare professionals should be clearly defined within the legal framework,and clear guidance should be provided at every stage of implementation.

关 键 词：生前预嘱 生命权 自主决定权 实现路径 法律规制 

分 类 号：R-052[医药卫生]