抗战胜利后国内高等教育格局的改进——以复员时期国立大学院系调整为中心的考察  

Improvement of Higher Education Pattern in China After the Victory of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression:Investigation Centered on the Department Adjustment of National Universities During the Demobilization Period

作　　者：罗佳玉 田正平[2] Luo Jiayu;Tian Zhengping

机构地区：[1]浙江大学教育学院,杭州310058 [2]浙江大学,杭州310058

出　　处：《教育史研究》2025年第1期78-90,共13页Educational History Studies

摘　　要：抗日战争期间,国民政府教育部和国立大学即对战后国立大学复员事宜进行了筹谋。抗战胜利后,在双方的共同努力下,国立大学的复员工作积极开展起来,其中,院系调整是重要内容之一。复员时期,国立大学院系调整呈现了两个方面的特点:一是国立大学院系设置渐趋完善;二是文、理、法、工、农各学院发展的价值取向不同。调整后的国立大学院系格局整体上有所改进,然而并未达到国民政府教育部和国立大学双方预期的目标。究其原因,一方面,国民政府教育部主张优先发展少数大学和西部地区大学,而这与大多数国立大学的自我期许相左;另一方面,复员时期教育经费十分紧缺,严重制约着预期目标的实现。考察复员时期国立大学院系调整的情况,可以丰富我们对战后高等教育恢复及发展情况的认知。During the war of resistance against Japanese aggression,Ministry of Education of the national government and national universities began to plan for post-war demobilization of national universities.After the victory,with the joint efforts of both sides,the demobilization was actively progressed,and department adjustment was one of the important aspects.During the demobilization period,the adjustment presented two characteristics.First,the layout of departments got improved.Second,the value orientations of the development of departments of literature,science,law,engineering and agriculture were different.On the whole,the layout had been improved but didn’t meet the expectations of both sides.That’s because the ministry advocated for prioritizing the development of selected universities and those in the western regions,which was contrary to the expectation of most national universities and the shortage of educational funds during the period severely restricted the goals.Examining the adjustment during this period can enrich our understanding of post-war recovery and development of higher education in China.

关 键 词：高等教育格局 国立大学 院系调整 抗战复员时期 

分 类 号：G529[文化科学—教育学]