宁夏气象灾害预警信号时空分布特征与靶向发布现状分析  

Characteristics of Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Meteorological Disaster Warning Signals and Targeted Lssuance Analysis in Ningxia

作　　者：王坤 车晶晶 张超华 刘建宏 包新宇 WANG Kun;CHE Jingjing;LIU Jianhong;ZHANG Chaohua;BAO Xinyu(Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorological Disaster Monitoring,Early Warning and Risk Management in Dry Areas,China Meteorological Administration,Yinchuan,Ningxia 750002;Ningxia Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Prevention and Mitigation,Yinchuan,Ningxia,750002)

机构地区：[1]中国气象局旱区特色农业气象灾害监测预警与风险管理重点实验室,宁夏银川750002 [2]宁夏回族自治区气象服务中心,宁夏银川750002

出　　处：《长江信息通信》2025年第2期5-8,共4页Changjiang Information & Communications

基　　金：宁东能源化工基地本级重点支持领域科技项目(2023NDKJXMLX036)资助。

摘　　要：文章基于2021—2023年宁夏气象灾害预警信号发布类型、等级、时间、空间等数据,分析了宁夏气象灾害预警信号的时空分布特征,并讨论了宁夏预警信息靶向发布的现状和发展建议。得出如下结论:(1)从预警信息发布类型来看,大风、雷电、霜冻预警信息发布居前三位,占发布总量的69.9%。寒潮、暴雪、沙尘暴预警信号发布条数最少,仅占发布总量的4.7%。从预警级别来看,低级别预警信息发布量明显高于高级别预警信息。(2)气象灾害预警信息发布条数在逐年减少。预警信号发布条数月变化特征总体呈“双峰型”,峰值分别在4月和7月。各季节预警信息发布特征符合宁夏气候特点。(3)气象灾害预警信息发布条数在空间分布上总体呈“南北少,中部多”的特征,吴忠市预警信息发布量最高年均744条,石嘴山市预警信息发布数量最低年均625条。(4)宁夏初步完成了精准靶向发布、智能语音叫应功能建设,逐步实现了预警信息发布由“大水漫灌”转为“精准滴灌”。This paper analyses the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of meteorological disaster warning signals in Ningxia based on the data on the types,levels,time and space of meteorological disaster warning signals issued in Ningxia from 2021 to 2023,and discusses the current situation and suggestions for the targeted release of warning information and intelligent voice call response in Ningxia.The following conclusions are drawn:(1)In terms of the types of warning information released,the top three warning information releases are gale,thunder and lightning,and frost,accounting for 69.9%of the total releases.Cold wave,snowstorm and sandstorm warning signals were issued in the lowest number,accounting for only 4.7%of the total number of issued.From the point of view of warning level,the release of low-level warning information is significantly higher than that of high-level warning information.(2)The number of articles of meteorological disaster warning information issued is decreasing year by year.Monthly changes in the number of warning signals issued are generally“bimodal”,with peaks in April and July.The seasonal warning information release characteristics are in line with the climate characteristics of Ningxia.(3)The number of meteorological disaster warning information released in the spatial distribution of the overall“less in the north and south,more in the centre”,Wuzhong City,the highest annual average number of warning information released 744,Shizuishan City,the lowest annual average number of warning information released 625.(4)Ningxia has completed the precise target release,intelligent voice call function construction,initially realised the early warning information release from“flooding”to“precise drip irrigation”,but also need to further enhance the coverage of meteorological disaster early warning information release,and constantly improve the targeting and timeliness to better play the role of meteorological disaster prevention and control,and also to enhance the covera

关 键 词：气象灾害 预警信号 统计分析 

分 类 号：P429[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]