基于波动方程的地震波数值模拟研究综述  

A Comprehensive Review of Numerical Simulation of Seismic Waves Based on Wave Equation

作　　者：李航[1] 孙宇航 李佳慧 李学贵[1,2] 董宏丽[1,2] Li Hang;Sun Yuhang;Li Jiahui;Li Xuegui;Dong Hongli(Key Laboratory of Networked Control and Intelligent Systems,Northeast Petroleum University,Daqing 072751,Heilongjiang,China;NEPU Sanya Offshore Oil and Gas Research Institute,Sanya 572024,Hainan,China)

机构地区：[1]东北石油大学黑龙江省网络化与智能控制重点实验室,黑龙江大庆072751 [2]东北石油大学三亚海洋油气研究院,海南三亚572024

出　　处：《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2025年第2期627-645,共19页Journal of Jilin University:Earth Science Edition

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(U21A2019,61933007,62203106);海南省科技专项(ZDYF2022SHFZ105);中国博士后科学基金项目(2022M710660);德国洪堡基金项目(201211)。

摘　　要：地震波场数值模拟在地震勘探、地震资料处理和地球构造研究等方面发挥着重要的作用。波动方程数值模拟方法充分考虑了地震波传播的动力学特征和几何学特征,可以为地震波传播机理的研究和复杂地层的解释提供强有力的理论支持,是目前应用较为广泛的地震波场数值模拟方法之一。本文调研了五种基于波动方程的数值模拟方法:有限差分法易于理解,但数值频散问题明显;伪谱法精度高,但计算效率低;有限元法适用于复杂模型,但计算资源消耗大;谱元法适合高精度问题,但对计算内存需求较高;基于物理信息神经网络的深度学习法具有较强的适应性,但训练成本较高。并分别叙述了这五种数值模拟方法的理论基础、适用条件和最新进展。未来,地震波场数值模拟方法应结合深度学习等最新技术,优化边界条件模拟真实的边界反射情况,提高模拟的精度和效率。Numerical simulation of seismic wave fields is crucial for seismic exploration,seismic data processing,and the study of Earth’s structures.The wave equation numerical simulation method takes into account the dynamic and geometric characteristics of seismic wave propagation,providing a solid theoretical basis for studying the mechanism of seismic wave propagation and interpreting complex geological structures.It is currently one of the most widely used methods for simulating seismic wave fields.This article surveys five wave equation-based numerical simulation methods:The finite difference method is easy to understand,but suffers from numerical dispersion issues;The pseudo spectral method offers high accuracy but low efficiency;The finite element method is suitable for complex models but requires substantial computational resources;The spectral element method is appropriate for high-precision problems but demands significant computational memory;And the deep learning method based on physics-informed neural networks demonstrates strong adaptability,though it comes with high training costs.The theoretical foundations,applicable conditions,and latest advancements of these five numerical simulation methods are described respectively.In the future,seismic wave field numerical simulation methods should integrate cutting-edge technologies such as deep learning,optimize boundary conditions to simulate actual boundary reflections,and enhance the precision and efficiency of simulations.

关 键 词：波场模拟 有限差分法 伪谱法 有限元法 谱元法 物理信息神经网络 

分 类 号：P631.4[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]