国际高等教育招生考试改革的多层耦合变革逻辑及对我国构建现代考试制度的启示  

The Multi-layered Coupled Evolution Logic of College Entrance Examination Reforms and Implications for Building the Modern Examination System with Chinese Characteristics:An Analysis Based on the Examination Ecological Model

作　　者：阎琨[1] 段梦涵 YAN Kun;DUAN Menghan(Institute of Education,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084)

机构地区：[1]清华大学教育研究院,北京100084

出　　处：《教育发展研究》2025年第5期45-54,共10页Research in Educational Development

基　　金：国家社会科学基金“十四五”规划2022年教育学一般项目“‘强基计划’下基础学科拔尖人才选拔-培养-评价机制研究”(BGA220156)的部分成果。

摘　　要：本研究基于考试生态模型探讨了国际高等教育招生考试改革的多层耦合变革逻辑,旨在为我国构建现代考试制度提供启示。国际高等教育招生考试改革主要揭示出五层耦合变革逻辑:一是内容维度上,趋向多元化,强化对考生能力与素养的全面评估;二是评价维度上,强调教育学立场,呈现出综合性和科学性发展的趋势;三是组织维度上,国家、地方、高校和社会各方力量共同主导,形成统一与分散并存的考试模式;四是文化维度上,社会与考试围绕选才与公平展开博弈,导致文化的多向漂移;五是历史维度上,呈现进步主义与路径依赖并存的双重取向。这五重变革逻辑内在耦合,形成互动循环。基于此,对我国构建现代考试制度提出五个方面的启示和建议,以为我国构建多元主体参与、符合中国实际、具有世界水平的教育考试评价体系提供有力支撑。This study,based on the examination ecological model,explores the theory and practice of college entrance examination reforms and reveals five major transformative trends.First,in terms of content,there is a shift towards diversification,with an emphasis on comprehensive assessment of candidates’abilities and qualities.Second,in terms of evaluation,an educational perspective is emphasized,showing trends towards a more integrated and scientific development.Third,in terms of organization,national,local,university,and societal forces jointly lead the reforms,creating an examination model that balances both unity and decentralization.Fourth,in terms of culture,there is a continuous interplay between society and the exam system regarding talent selection and fairness,resulting in multidirectional cultural shifts.Fifth,historically,exam reforms reflect a dual orientation between progressive and path-dependent approaches.These five transformative trends are interlinked,forming an interactive cycle.Based on these findings,the paper proposes five recommendations for China’s Gaokao reform.

关 键 词：国际招生考试 新高考 多层耦合 综合改革 

分 类 号：G642[文化科学—高等教育学] G642.474[文化科学—教育学]