教学活动如何影响高职生职业能力表现——基于理论课程、技能培训与校外实习的效果比较  

How Do Teaching Activities Influence the Professional Competence of Vocational Students--A Comparative Analysis of Theoretical Courses,Skills Training,and Off-Campus Internships

作　　者：高婷婷 Gao Tingting

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学高等教育研究所

出　　处：《高等工程教育研究》2025年第2期125-131,共7页Research in Higher Education of Engineering

基　　金：2017年度国家自然科学基金面上项目“过程视阈下的优质高等教育机会城乡差异及矫正措施的实证和政策研究”(71774056)。

摘　　要：如何提升高职生职业能力表现,特别是有效发挥各类教学活动的作用是职业院校亟需关注的问题。基于不同流派教学理念,将教学活动分为理论课程、技能培训、校外实习三种类型,使用倾向得分匹配法比较其对高职生职业能力的影响发现:第一,与理论课程、校外实习相比,技能培训更能提升高职生技能证书获得概率,相对贡献率超过70%。第二,与技能培训相比,理论课程、校外实习对高职生职业成熟度的提升效果更为显著,相对贡献率分别约为33%、45%。第三,相较而言,校外实习效果不够稳定,且作用发挥存在质量门槛。研究结果启示高职院校重视教学活动规模化开展和质量提升,强化理论课程和技能培训组合效果,规范和充实校外实习实训过程。How to enhance the comprehensive professional competence of vocational students,particularly optimizing the role of various teaching activities,is an urgent issue in the current quality reform of vocational colleges.Based on different educational philosophies,teaching activities are categorized into three types:theoretical courses,skills training,and off-campus internships.By using the propensity score matching method to compare the effects of these activities on the professional competence of vocational students,the study found:First,compared to theoretical courses and off-campus internships,skills training is more effective in increasing the probability of students obtaining certifications,with a relative contribution rate exceeding 70%.Second,compared to skills training,theoretical courses and off-campus internships have a more significant effect on promoting vocational maturity,with relative contribution rates of approximately 33% and 45%,respectively.Third,off-campus internships are less stable in their effectiveness,and their impact is subject to a quality threshold.The findings suggest that vocational colleges should prioritize the large-scale implementation and quality enhancement of teaching activities,strengthen the combined effect of theoretical courses and skills training,and standardize and enrich the process of off-campus internships and training.

关 键 词：教学活动 高职生 职业能力 倾向得分匹配 

分 类 号：G712[文化科学—职业技术教育学]