刑事诉讼制度何以取信于民?——基于多国数据的组态分析  

How Can the Criminal Procedure System Gain Public Trust?——A Configuration Analysis Based on Multi-National Data

作　　者：林树建 许博洋 LIN Shu-jian;XU Bo-yang(School of Criminal Justice,China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing 100088,China)

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学刑事司法学院,北京100088

出　　处：《河北法学》2025年第6期2-26,共25页Hebei Law Science

基　　金：2024年度国家社科基金青年项目“基于多维民众感知的涉舆型犯罪治理效能优化研究”(24CFX098)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：刑事诉讼制度及其运行逻辑事关法治秩序与社会安宁,而民众之于司法主体的认同是法治现代化建设的题中应有之义,二者间的因果关系值得被学界所厘定和检验。基于“制度论”的宏观视域,提炼出刑事诉讼制度范畴的“系统-职权-程序-实效”四重维度及其八项元素,利用模糊集定性比较分析(fsQCA)与必要条件分析(NCA)相结合的技术方法,探讨制度变量如何交织、耦合地作用于司法信任。通过嵌套世界价值观调查(WVS)和世界正义工程(WJP)两项世界性调查,得到包含53个国家样本的数据集,分析后发现廉洁司法、嫌犯审判、犯罪治理是形塑民众司法信任的必要条件,三条充分性制度组态之间存在层层递进的衍化逻辑,立体化映射出实现司法自治、走向控审分离、展望控辩平等的诉讼历史跃迁过程,但程序维度却难以单独地影响司法信任。在未来的刑事诉讼制度优化中,应当注重弥合社会感知与程序正义之间的缝隙,以民众普遍认可的方式实现科学化制度革新。The criminal procedure system and its operational logic are crucial to the rule of law and social tranquility,while public recognition of judicial authorities is an inherent aspect of the legal modernization.The causal relationship between them warrants academic clarification and examination.Based on the macro perspective of"institutional theory",this study refines the"organization-authority-procedure-performance"quadruple dimensions and eight elements within the scope of the criminal procedure system.Utilizing a combined methodological approach of Fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis(fsQCA)and Necessary ConditionAnalysis(NCA),the study explores how institutional variables interact and couple to influence judicial trust.By nesting two worldwide surveys,namely the World Values Survey(WVS)and the World Justice Project(WJP),a data set containing samples from 53 countries was obtained.After analysis,it was found that a clean judiciary,suspect trials,and crime governance are necessary conditions shaping public trust in the judiciary.Among the three sufficient institutional configurations,there exists a progressive derivational logic that maps the historical leapfrogging process toward judicial autonomy,the separation of prosecution and investigation,and the prospect of balanced prosecution and defense.However,the procedural dimension alone finds difficulty in influencing judicial trust.In future optimizations of criminal procedures,emphasis should be placed on bridging the gap between social perceptions and procedural justice,achieving scientifically-driven institutional reforms in ways that are widely accepted by the public.

关 键 词：刑事诉讼制度 司法信任 程序正义 模糊集定性比较分析 必要条件分析 

分 类 号：DF71[政治法律—诉讼法学]