不同社会身份组合的创业新手如何选择自举行为?一个基于QCA方法的研究  

How Do Novice Entrepreneurs with Different Social Identities Choose Bootstrapping Behavior?A Study Based on the QCA Method

作　　者：彭学兵[1] 陈梦婕 刘玥伶[2] Peng Xuebing;Chen Mengjie;Liu Yueling(School of Economics and Management,Zhejiang Sci-tech University;School of Business Intelligence,Zhejiang Institute of Economics and Trade)

机构地区：[1]浙江理工大学经济管理学院 [2]浙江经贸职业技术学院商务智能学院

出　　处：《南开管理评论》2025年第3期148-160,共13页Nankai Business Review

基　　金：浙江省哲学社会科学规划项目(22NDJC081YB);国家自然科学基金项目(71672181);浙江省自然科学基金项目(LMS25G020005)资助。

摘　　要：本文运用组态思维整合创业者归属身份与获得身份共计6个条件变量,探究不同社会身份组合的创业新手如何选择自举行为。通过对103个创业新手案例的模糊集定性比较分析(fsQCA)发现:(1)单个身份条件不是创业新手自举行为的必要条件。(2)男性归属身份和社群型获得身份互为替代关系,都导致兼有达尔文型和使命型获得身份的年轻高学历创业新手选择支付相关自举;社群型获得身份和使命型获得身份互为替代关系,都导致年轻低学历男性创业新手选择联合利用自举。(3)年轻男性混合型获得身份创业新手偏好支付相关自举,而年长女性高学历混合型获得身份创业新手偏好股东相关自举。(4)年轻男性高学历达尔文型和使命型混合获得身份的创业新手偏好支付相关自举,而年轻男性低学历社群型单一获得身份的创业新手偏好联合利用自举。而且年轻男性创业新手的学历归属身份与获得身份以互补关系形成组态,共同影响其自举行为的选择。研究为创业者社会身份与自举行为关系提供了更细粒度的解释,丰富了自举行为前因的解释空间,拓展了社会身份理论的应用场景。Novice entrepreneurs with nascent defects often find it more difficult to obtain key entrepreneurial resources such as human resources and funds through formal channels such as bank loans and venture capital than experienced entrepreneurs.Bootstrapping,an informal resource solution that breaks through the resource constraint predicament and achieves self-reliance through expedient measures such as delayed payment,shared resources,and non-payment of dividends to shareholders,is increasingly favored by novice entrepreneurs.However,we still know very little about the antecedents of bootstrapping behavior,and have limited understanding of how entrepreneurs choose different bootstrapping behaviors.Early research literature regarded bootstrapping as a conservative action in response to the lack of alternative market solutions,mainly influenced by the external environment.Grichnik et al.(2014)argued that the adoption of a bootstrapping strategy by new enterprises is a personalized active choice behavior of entrepreneurs,mainly influenced by entrepreneur-ial factors such as human capital and social capital of entrepreneurs.Therefore,exploring the antecedents of bootstrapping behavior from the perspective of entrepreneurial factors has become an important research direction.Social Identity Theory holds that social identity is a significant factor influencing behavior,and actors act in accordance with the social identities they expect or confirm.As entrepreneurship is essentially a social activity,entrepreneurs generally shape their entrepreneurial be-havior based on how they perceive their relationship with others,that is,their entrepreneurial social identity.According to Social Identity Theory and Linton’s(1936)research,the social identities of entrepre-neurs can be divided into ascribed identities and achieved identities.Ascribed identities refer to those related to an individual’s birth,while achieved identities are formed during the process of socialization.However,there is still a lack of research on the exact co

关 键 词：社会身份理论 归属身份 获得身份 自举行为 fsQCA 

分 类 号：F270[经济管理—企业管理]