2024年茶树遗传育种研究进展  

Research Progress on Tea Genetics and Breeding in 2024

作　　者：李娜娜[1] 冯玥 丁长庆 王璐[1] 郝心愿[1] 杨亚军[1] 王新超[1] LI Nana;FENG Yue;DING Changqing;WANG Lu;HAO Xinyuan;YANG Yajun;WANG Xinchao(Tea Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Center for Tea Plant Improvement/National Key Laboratory for Tea Plant Germplasm Innovation and Resource Utilization/Key Laboratory of Biology,Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Hangzhou 310008,China;Zhejiang Provincial Seed Management Station,Hangzhou 310020,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院茶叶研究所、国家茶树改良中心、茶树种质创新与资源利用全国重点实验室、农业农村部特种经济动植物生物学与资源利用重点实验室,浙江杭州310008 [2]浙江省种子管理总站,浙江杭州310020

出　　处：《中国茶叶》2025年第4期1-13,22,共14页China Tea

基　　金：浙江省“十四五”农业(茶树)新品种选育重大科技专项(2021C02067-7);国家现代农业(茶叶)产业技术体系绿茶品种改良岗位(CARS-19-01A);全国茶树育种联合攻关(QGCSYZLHGG)。

摘　　要：文章总结概述了2024年度茶树遗传育种领域取得的主要研究进展,包括茶树重要性状的遗传机理、茶树基因组数据的扩充与利用、茶树育种技术的研究创新、茶树品种的登记与授权情况。2024年,通过转录组学、代谢组学、基因组学、表观遗传学等多学科手段,挖掘获得了调控茶树品质、抗逆、生长发育等性状形成的关键基因位点和遗传作用规律;大量茶树资源基因组重测序的完成,为解析茶树遗传多样性、群体结构特性、品质与抗性形成的驯化机理提供了可能;茶树体细胞胚再生技术体系的成功建立,为茶树优良品种的选育和遗传转化体系的构建奠定了基础;55个茶树品种通过非主要农作物品种登记,25个茶树品种获得植物新品种权,为新品种推广和茶产业升级提供了重要支撑。The research advances of tea genetics and breeding in 2024 were summarized in this article,including the genetic mechanism of important traits in tea plants,the expansion and utilization of tea genome data,the innovative exploration of tea breeding technology,the registration and authorization of new tea cultivars.In 2024,the key gene loci and genetic laws regulating the formation of traits such as tea quality,stress resistance,and growth and development were identified through multidisciplinary methods such as transcriptomics,metabolomics,genomics and epigenetics.The completion of genome resequencing of a large number of tea germplasms provides the possibility for analyzing the genetic diversity,the population structure characteristics of tea plants and the domestication mechanism of tea quality and stress resistance formation.The successful establishment of a direct somatic embryogenesis regeneration system for tea plants lays the foundation for the breeding of excellent tea cultivars and the construction of genetic transformation system.Fifty-five tea cultivars were registered as non-major crop varieties,and 25 tea cultivars were authorized to obtain new plant variety rights,providing important support for the promotion of new cultivars and the upgrading of the tea industry.

关 键 词：茶树 遗传育种 基因 品种 

分 类 号：S571.1[农业科学—茶叶生产加工] S330[农业科学—作物学]