无人驾驶汽车交通事故中的侵权责任主体认定研究  

Research on the Tort Liability Subject in Autonomous Vehicle Traffic Accidents

作　　者：叶飞 樊莎莎 Ye Fei;Fan Shasha(School of Law,Party School of Sichuan Committee of CPC,Chengdu 610031,China;Ideological and Political Department,Jiangxi Technology Business Polytechnic,Nanchang 330000,China)

机构地区：[1]中共四川省委党校法学院,成都610031 [2]江西工商职业技术学院思政部,南昌330000

出　　处：《重庆科技大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第2期45-57,共13页Journal of Chongqing university of science and technology(social science edition)

摘　　要：随着无人驾驶汽车技术的发展,其潜在的侵权风险日益凸显。通过介绍无人驾驶汽车的概念和等级分类,指出高度自动化和完全自动化等级的无人驾驶汽车在法律责任认定上的特殊性;同时,分析无人驾驶汽车侵权对传统交通事故责任认定规则的挑战,包括侵权主体认定的复杂性、算法“黑箱”的不确定性、因果关系的脆弱性以及传统归责原则的不适用性等。并借鉴美国、英国、德国及日本等国的域外经验,提出无人驾驶汽车侵权责任认定的具体路径,包括过错责任与无过错责任的承担主体、产品责任的承担主体以及“2+1”保险赔偿模式。With the development of autonomous vehicle technology,its potential infringement risks have been increasingly prominent.The article introduces the concept,classification,and legal positioning of autonomous vehicles,and describes the special characteristics of highly automated and fully automated autonomous vehicles in terms of legal liability determination.Furthermore,the challenges of autonomous vehicle infringement on traditional traffic accident liability determination rules are analyzed,including the complexity of determining the infringing party,the uncertainty of algorithmic“black boxes”,the fragility of causal relationships,and the inapplicability of traditional attribution principles.At the same time,drawing on the overseas experience of countries such as the United States,the United Kingdom,Germany,and Japan,a specific path for determining infringement liability for autonomous vehicles is proposed,including fault liability and faultless liability,product liability for autonomous vehicles,and“2+1”insurance compensation model.

关 键 词：无人驾驶汽车 侵权责任 保险赔偿 侵权责任主体 人工智能 

分 类 号：D26[政治法律—政治学]