基于可靠性的动车组关键部件维修策略优化模型  

Optimization model for reliability-based maintenance strategies of critical components in electric multiple units

作　　者：陈佳玉 宋冬利[1] 耿芳东 CHEN Jiayu;SONG Dongli;GENG Fangdong(State Key Laboratory of Rail Transit Vehicle System,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu,Sichuan 610031,China)

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学轨道交通运载系统全国重点实验室,四川成都610031

出　　处：《机车电传动》2025年第1期58-67,共10页Electric Drive for Locomotives

基　　金：四川省重大科技专项(2023ZDZX009)。

摘　　要：针对现行动车组预防性维修中出现的维修不足或过度维修的问题,文章基于全生命周期管理理念,重点研究了动车组部件全生命周期运维活动对部件劣化特性与维修策略的影响。在部件层面,文章提出了考虑季节影响和运行成本的维修策略,动态反映了部件劣化特性和维修活动之间的演变趋势,并结合并行量子遗传算法求解最优维修间隔和可靠度等参数;在系统层面,通过建立的基于可靠度裕度的预防性机会维修策略,实现了动态的机会维修窗口,减少了系统停机次数,降低了系统长期维护成本。试验结果表明,与不考虑运行成本和季节影响的维修策略相比,该策略在保证部件可靠性、系统可用性和计划合理性的同时,通过实施更加积极的维修措施,可有效降低动车组维修成本。To address the issues of under-maintenance or over-maintenance in current preventive maintenance practices for electric multiple units(EMU),this study focuses on investigating the influences of full lifecycle maintenance and operational activities of EMU components on their degradation characteristics and maintenance strategies,under the framework of a full lifecycle management approach.At the component level,a maintenance strategy considering seasonal influences and operational costs was proposed,to dynamically reflect the evolving trends in component degradation characteristics associated with maintenance activities.In addition,a parallel quantum genetic algorithm was incorporated to calculate parameters such as the optimal maintenance interval and reliability.At the system level,a preventive opportunistic maintenance strategy based on reliability margins was established to create dynamic opportunistic maintenance windows,thereby reducing system downtime occurrences and lowering long-term system maintenance costs.The experimental results indicate that,compared to maintenance strategies without considering operational costs and seasonal influences,the proposed strategies effectively reduces maintenance costs for EMUs by implementing more proactive maintenance measures,while ensuring component reliability,system availability,and planning rationality.

关 键 词：动车组 运行成本 预防性机会维修 季节影响 并行量子遗传算法 高速列车 

分 类 号：U292.914[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]