现代有轨电车车辆差速器耦合轮对动力学性能研究  

Research on dynamic performance of differential-coupled wheelsets in modern trams

作　　者：黄锦[1] 池茂儒[1] 蔡吴斌 HUANG Jin;CHI Maoru;CAI Wubin(State Key Laboratory of Rail Transit Vehicle System,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu,Sichuan 610031,China;School of Mechanical Engineering,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu,Sichuan 610031,China)

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学轨道交通运载系统全国重点实验室,四川成都610031 [2]西南交通大学机械工程学院,四川成都610031

出　　处：《机车电传动》2025年第1期97-106,共10页Electric Drive for Locomotives

基　　金：四川省自然科学基金——青年基金项目(2024NSFSC0941);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(2682024CX074)。

摘　　要：为了解决传统刚性轮对蛇行失稳、独立轮对自动复位能力及其曲线导向性能不足的矛盾,将机械差速器安装在独立轮对转向架上,实现左右车轮耦合或差速,在一定程度上兼具传统刚性轮对和独立轮对的优点,改善车辆动力学性能。文章分析了差速器耦合轮对的结构和摩擦盘式限滑差速器的传动原理;基于摩擦盘式差速器力学模型,建立了采用差速器耦合轮对的现代有轨电车车辆动力学模型,并与采用独立轮对和传统刚性轮对的车辆进行了直线运行稳定性和曲线通过性能的对比分析,探讨了关键参数“摩擦饱和力矩”对动力学性能的影响。研究表明,差速器耦合轮对的直线稳定性和曲线通过安全性介于传统刚性轮对与独立轮对之间,可以通过调节差速器耦合轮对的摩擦饱和力矩阈值兼顾直线稳定性和曲线通过安全性。Traditional rigid wheelsets suffer from hunting instability,while independent wheelsets demonstrate inadequacies in both automatic resetting and guiding performance on curves.This paper proposes the integration of mechanical differentials on bogies equipped with independent wheelsets,enabling either coupling or differential action between the left and right wheels.This addition improves the dynamic performance of the vehicle,combining the advantages of both traditional rigid wheelsets and independent wheelsets.This paper first analyzed the structure of the proposed differential-coupled wheelset and the transmission principle of friction disc-type limited-slip differentials.It presented the establishment of a dynamic model for modern trams with differential-coupled wheelsets,based on the mechanical model of friction disc-type differentials.Subsequent comparisons with modern trams equipped with independent wheelsets and traditional rigid wheelsets focused on linear stability and curve negotiation performance,exploring the influence of a key parameter-friction saturation torque-on dynamic performance.The research results indicate that the straight line stability and curve passing safety of the proposed differential-coupled wheelset are between the traditional rigid wheelsets and the independent wheelsets.By adjusting the friction saturation torque threshold of the differential-coupled wheelsets,a balance can be achieved in the straight line stability and curve passing safety.

关 键 词：有轨电车 差速器耦合轮对 机械差速器 导向性能 动力学性能 

分 类 号：U270.11[机械工程—车辆工程] U482.1[交通运输工程—载运工具运用工程]