涉案财物争议处理的程序优化——以《刑事诉讼法》修改为面向  

Procedural Optimization for Handling Disputes over Involved Property

作　　者：罗维鹏 LUO Weipeng

机构地区：[1]西南财经大学法学院

出　　处：《法治研究》2025年第2期95-106,共12页Research on Rule of Law

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“职务犯罪治理的诉讼法制应对研究”(项目编号:22JJD820023)阶段性成果;四川省哲学社会科学基金项目“双层社会背景下网络传销犯罪的识别研究”(项目编号:24FX086)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：涉案财物争议主要与涉案财物的权属及其是否属于违法所得等应当被追缴和没收的财物有关。这类争议是刑事审判和执行中的棘手问题。现行《刑事诉讼法》及司法解释对争议解决的途径与方法未予充分重视,导致司法实践中存在发现难、参与难、证明难、审查难、表述难、变更难和协调难等程序难题。究其原因,主要在于我国刑事诉讼法律制度和司法实践在处理涉案财物争议时带有刑民分开、审执分离和一并处理的潜在理念,其虽然在一定程度维持了裁判和程序的稳定性,却以降低诉讼效率和公正为代价。这种办案理念有必要修正,转而以先合后分、先执后审、专门审查的逻辑,重构涉案财物审理程序和涉案财物异议程序,特别是明确针对涉案财物的证明规则、法庭调查规则和执行异议规则。The property dispute involved in the case is mainly related to the ownership of the property and whether it is illegally obtained property that should be confiscated and forfeited.However,the current Criminal Procedure Law and judicial interpretations have not given sufficient attention to the ways and means of resolving such disputes,leading to procedural difficulties such as difficulty in discovery,difficulty in participation,difficulty in proof,difficulty in investigation,difficulty in correction,difficulty in judgment,and difficulty in coordination in judicial practice.The main reason for this is that the criminal procedural system and judicial practice in China have a latent concept of separating criminal and civil matters,separating trial,and execution,and handling them together,which to some extent maintains the stability of judgments and procedures but at the cost of lowering the efficiency of litigation and justice.This approach to handling cases needs to be revised,adopting a logic that initial consolidation followed by differentiation,prioritizing enforcement before trial,and instituting specialized review.This includes clarifying rules regarding the proof of contested proceeds,court investigation protocols,and objections during execution.

关 键 词：涉案财物 法庭调查 执行异议 案外人 

分 类 号：D925.2[政治法律—诉讼法学]