智能扭转旋翼研究进展  

Research progess in active twist rotor

作　　者：韩东[1] 张宇杭 HAN Dong;ZHANG Yuhang(National Key Laboratory of Helicopter Aeromechanics,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing 210016,China)

机构地区：[1]南京航空航天大学直升机动力学全国重点实验室,南京210016

出　　处：《空气动力学学报》2025年第3期52-66,I0001,共16页Acta Aerodynamica Sinica

基　　金：主动控制旋翼技术研究项目(FKFB20231108055);国家自然科学基金(11972181);江苏省研究生科研与实践创新计划(KYCX21-0228)。

摘　　要：智能扭转旋翼通过智能材料或结构驱动桨叶主动扭转,动态优化桨叶展向与周向扭转分布,成为提升直升机旋翼综合性能的重要技术途径。本文系统综述了智能扭转旋翼的技术发展历程及研究进展,重点分析了其在气动性能提升、振动抑制与噪声控制中的潜在价值。相较于间接驱动方式,通过压电复合材料直接驱动实现桨叶整体扭转结构紧凑、可靠性高。理论和试验研究表明,主动扭转技术可通过优化桨叶气动载荷分布有效提升旋翼效率,并通过高阶谐波控制策略显著降低桨毂振动载荷及桨涡干扰噪声。当前技术瓶颈集中于高效智能材料研发、多物理场耦合建模及多目标优化设计,未来需突破工程化应用中的可靠性、环境适应性及智能控制等难题,并拓展其在新型旋翼飞行器中的跨域应用。该技术为直升机旋翼设计从被动适应向主动调控的范式转变提供了理论支撑,具有重要的工程应用前景。Active twist rotors,which utilize smart materials or structures to actively drive blade twisting and dynamically optimize spanwise and azimuthal twist distribution,have emerged as a critical technological pathway for enhancing the overall performance of helicopter rotors.This paper systematically reviews the technological evolution and research progress of active twist rotors,with a particular focus on their potential in aerodynamic performance improvement,vibration suppression,and noise control.Compared to indirect actuation methods,direct piezoelectric composite-driven blade twisting offers a more compact structure and higher reliability.Theoretical and experimental studies demonstrate that active twist technology can effectively improve rotor efficiency by optimizing aerodynamic load distribution while significantly reducing hub vibration loads and blade-vortex interaction noise through higher harmonic control strategies.Current technological bottlenecks lie in the development of high-efficiency smart materials,multiphysics-coupled modeling,and multi-objective optimization design.Future efforts must address challenges in reliability,environmental adaptability,and intelligent control for engineering applications,as well as expand cross-domain applications in next-generation rotorcraft.This technology provides theoretical support for the paradigm shift in helicopter rotor design from passive adaptation to active control,demonstrating significant engineering potential.

关 键 词：旋翼 桨叶 智能扭转 研究进展 

分 类 号：V211.52[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]